【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 e all have some faults.（或者 Nobody in this world is quite perfect, for we all have some faults.）（6） The train is going to Dalian. The train leaves at 20:15. (Simple) 改為：The train to Dalian leaves at 20:15.（7） In spite of the interruption, he was able to finish all his exercises before the class was over. (Loose) 改為：He was able to finish all his exercises before the class was over in spite of the interruption.（8） Many people choose travel by air. It is fast. It offers convenience. It is not very expensive. (Parallel Structure) 改為：Many people choose travel by air, because it is fast, convenient and not very expensive. 練習(xí)題 P121（1） 履歷通常包括個(gè)人信息、教育背景、工作經(jīng)歷和過(guò)去的成就。 譯：A resume generally consists of personal information, educational background, employment history and past achievements.（2） 戴安娜在南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)主修中醫(yī)學(xué)。 譯：Diana is majoring in Chinese traditional medicine in Nanjing Medical University.（3） 請(qǐng)代我向你父母致以問(wèn)候。 譯：Please send my best regards to your parents.（4） 現(xiàn)代高等教育應(yīng)該具有前瞻性，超越眼前的社會(huì)需求。 譯：Modern college education should be farsighted and able to see beyond the immediate needs of the society.（5） 這種細(xì)菌是引起現(xiàn)在流行病的原因嗎？ 譯：Is this bacterium responsible for the current epidemic?（6） 經(jīng)?；仡欁蛱欤憔蜁?huì)珍惜今天，向往明天。 譯：Take a frequent and backward look at your yesterday, and you will value your today and look forward to your tomorrow.（7） 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)分子認(rèn)為：窮則獨(dú)善其身，達(dá)則兼濟(jì)天下。 譯：Traditional Chinese intellectuals hold that one should refine his personal virtue when in poverty, and help save the world when in success.（8） 就算我追求愛(ài)情，我也肯定不會(huì)只顧沉浸在愛(ài)河里而荒廢學(xué)業(yè)。 譯：If I did hunt for love, I certainly wouldn’t bathe myself in the river of love all the time, neglecting my studies.（9） 學(xué)校倡導(dǎo)大學(xué)生改變就業(yè)觀念，并鼓勵(lì)他們把自己的才華和天賦投入到西 部大開(kāi)發(fā)中去。 譯：Universities promote a change in the concept of employment among the graduates, encourage them to give their talents and genius to the Western Exploration. Sentence Expansion （句子拓展） （各個(gè)位置的例句都要看）※ 句子拓展的三種方法：addition（增添法），coordination（并列法）， subordination（從屬法）。 重點(diǎn)題型，要會(huì)判斷句子正誤（1）增添法：常見(jiàn)的修飾詞有形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞性詞組、 代詞等（adjectives, adverbs, numerals, nouns, noun phrases and pronouns）。修 飾詞通常在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。1　 添加形容詞 （addiong adjectives）單個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，但修飾由any ,every, no somebody, one 或thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，放在其后。2　 添加副詞（adding adverbs）如果句子里同時(shí)帶有幾個(gè)副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，其位置應(yīng)按一下順序排列：程度副詞方式副詞地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)間副詞。3　 添加短語(yǔ)（Adding phrases）短語(yǔ)有8種：名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、非限定性短語(yǔ)（分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)）、同位短語(yǔ)、限定性短語(yǔ)。（noun, verb, prepositional。 three kinds of verbal phrase(participial, gerund and infinitive),appositive and absolute）（2）并列法：包含三種方法1　 Coordinating pronouns （并列連詞）2　 Conjunctive adverbs （使用連接副詞）3　 Semicolon （運(yùn)用分號(hào)連接）（3）從屬法：從句主要包括名詞性從句（noun clause），狀語(yǔ)從句（adverbial clause）和定語(yǔ)從句（attributive clause）。名詞性從句又分為主語(yǔ)從句（subject clause）、表語(yǔ)從句（predicative clause）、賓語(yǔ)從句（object clause）和同位語(yǔ)從句（appositive clause）。1　 常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、比較、讓步等。 幾種短語(yǔ)拓展法：（1） 介詞短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行拓展（expanding with prepositional phrases） 介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可做表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)置于所修 飾詞之后，做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)位置比較靈活，可位于句首，也可位于句中或句尾， 有時(shí)用逗號(hào)將其與句子的主體部分隔開(kāi)。（2） 不定式短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行拓展（expanding with infinitive phrases）不定式短語(yǔ)做名詞時(shí)，可做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；做形容詞時(shí)，在句中作定語(yǔ)；做副詞時(shí)，可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、狀語(yǔ)等。（3） 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行拓展（expanding with gerund phrases）動(dòng)名詞為動(dòng)詞ing形式，名詞性可做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞性可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。（4） 分詞短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行拓展（expanding with participial phrases）分詞短語(yǔ)有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)兩種形式。 effective sentences（有效句）（1） Effective sentences have some or all of the following qualities : unity（一致性）, coherence（連貫性）, conciseness（簡(jiǎn)潔性）,emphasis（強(qiáng)調(diào)性）, variety（多樣性）. （2）此節(jié)中的每個(gè)例子都要認(rèn)真看。※ 練習(xí)題： P142（1） This position is quite good as far as the use of language is concerned, but its content is poor. 改為：This position is good in language but poor in content. （The language of this position is quite good but its content is rather poor.）（2） The young man is honest and hardworking, and is a very reliable worker. 改為：The young man is an honest, hardworking and reliable worder.（The young worker is honest, hardworking and reliable.）//平行意思多種表達(dá)形式不連貫（3） Dufu was one of the bestknown poets. 改為：Dufu was one of the bestknown poets in Tang Dynasty.（4） A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds. 改為：A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.（A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.）//同類意思同種表達(dá)方式（5） We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman. 改為：We thought she was charming, intelligent and capable.（6） To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase. 改為：To get ready for the trip, she put all the things he needed into a suitcase. // 連貫性 主語(yǔ)不一致 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)導(dǎo)致 dangling modifiers（7） Those who wish to take linguistics are expected to sign his name on this sheet of paper. 改為：Those who wish to take linguistics are expected to sign their names on this sheet of paper. //避免造成人和數(shù)目的不一致或改變（8）