【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 面的句子都圍繞這個(gè)句子展開。 三 .詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)。 文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開故事；論述體則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點(diǎn)。你可根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)，詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，以動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、因果等為線索，找出關(guān)鍵詞語，運(yùn)用畫圖列表法，勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章主題和細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)知圖。 四 .邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。 在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。這就是通常所說的深層理解。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題（中心思想，加標(biāo)題等）和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點(diǎn)。深層理解是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)。它必須忠實(shí)于原文；要以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想象，隨意揣測；它要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基礎(chǔ)。推理題在提問中常用的詞有： infer推斷, imply 暗示, suggest建議, indicate指明。在考試過程中，還應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：全神貫注地投入閱讀，分秒必爭，克服急躁的情緒，注意合理分配有限的閱讀時(shí)間。按照先易后難的順序答題，如果萬一碰到個(gè)別難題，感到模棱兩可，一時(shí)難以取舍、無法解答時(shí)，應(yīng)果斷暫時(shí)舍棄，繼續(xù)往下做題，以免過多浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力，影響其他部分的答題。在答完其他各題后，可再返回到原先放棄的難題上來。題型三 詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)一. 怎樣準(zhǔn)備詞匯？這本詞匯書專門為B級(jí)統(tǒng)考準(zhǔn)備，里面有3000詞匯，有中文解釋和例句，還有一些MP3錄音，以方便學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)音。另外，本書還編寫了17組詞匯練習(xí)，并配有答案、句子翻譯和詳細(xì)解析，在幫助學(xué)習(xí)者記憶單詞和用法以外，同時(shí)直接提供全國網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育大學(xué)英語統(tǒng)一機(jī)考中“詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)”和“英譯漢”兩部分的模擬訓(xùn)練。 如果你以前買了藍(lán)白色封面的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育大學(xué)英語大綱詞匯手冊(cè)》，那么就要把里面B級(jí)單詞都背好（標(biāo)有兩個(gè)“*”的為大學(xué)英語B級(jí)詞匯，另外標(biāo)有一個(gè)“*” 的是C詞匯，是更加簡單的詞匯，也應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)熟記）。 二. 結(jié)構(gòu)(語法)這部分的內(nèi)容包括動(dòng)詞的種類、動(dòng)詞的基本形式、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)以及各種句型，不僅針對(duì)詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)題型， 也幫助大家在其他各個(gè)題型里面解決大部分的語法問題。句子里面的各種成分I told him a story in the office last week.I 主語，told 謂語動(dòng)詞，him 間接賓語，a story 直接賓語，in the office 地點(diǎn)狀語，last week 時(shí)間狀語She is a teacher.a teacher 表語（或者是主語補(bǔ)足語）一． 動(dòng)詞的種類1. 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。He opened the door.I wash my hands. 不及物動(dòng)詞則不需要賓語。The car stopped. I went to school.注意：只有及物動(dòng)詞可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The meeting will be held in the town hall.注意：許多動(dòng)詞既可以做及物動(dòng)詞也可以做不及物動(dòng)詞。He turned his horse’s head and rode away. (及物動(dòng)詞)Tom turned towards Maggie. (不及物動(dòng)詞)2. 連系動(dòng)詞（link verb）連系動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)表示謂語關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。它必須后接表語（通常為名詞或者形容詞）。 be是最基本的連系動(dòng)詞。It is not late. (表語為形容詞)He was a teacher. (表語為名詞)He had been in Germany for five years. (表語為介詞短語)My idea is to go there right today. (表語為不定式短語)The problem is finding the right house.（表語為動(dòng)名詞短語）That was what he did this morning. (表語為從句) 常用的連系動(dòng)詞還有appear（出現(xiàn)），bee（變成），get（成為），look（看上去），remain（仍是），seem（看似），feel（感覺），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來），grow（變得），fall（變得），turn（變得）Gradually he became silent. (他逐漸變得沉默寡言。)The dish smells good. (這菜聞起來很不錯(cuò)。)It grows colder and colder. (天氣變得越來越冷。)He suddenly fell ill. (他突然病了。)注意：以上這一系列的連系動(dòng)詞都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞意義完全，能獨(dú)立用作謂語I broke the glass.He came into the shop. 助動(dòng)詞意義本身無詞匯意義，不能獨(dú)立用作謂語。它們有：do，be，have，shall（should），will（would）等。它們?cè)诰渲信c實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣及否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。The child is crying now. (用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))She had been ill for two days when we learned about it. (用于過去完成時(shí))The idea was given up years ago. (用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))I don’t care what she thinks. (用于否定結(jié)構(gòu))I wish she hadn’t gone. (用于虛擬語氣)When do we meet again? (用于疑問結(jié)構(gòu)) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義不完全，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。它們有shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought to 等等。記住它們后面都接動(dòng)詞原形。George can speak several languages. 喬治能講幾種語言。You needn’t give me so much foodI am not that hungry. 你不必給我那么多食物，我不是那么餓。I really ought to have my eyes tested. 我真的應(yīng)該去檢查我的眼睛了。They dare not tell the truth. 他們不敢說真話。4. 動(dòng)詞短語。動(dòng)詞短語是一種固定詞組，由動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。The plane took off at seven.Put out the fire!We are all looking forward to seeing you soon.二. 動(dòng)詞的基本形式五種基本形式 動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehadhadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞都由動(dòng)詞原形加上ed構(gòu)成（例如work），不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞的變化各異，要熟記（例如write）。三．動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 動(dòng)詞用原形(單三人稱動(dòng)詞加s / es) 例子： I go to school. She works here.(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does) 例子：Do you have a pen?2. 一般過去時(shí) 概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。動(dòng)詞用過去式 (問句和否定句借用助詞did) 例子：He went to the hospital. Did you visit the park yesterday?3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。am/is/are +動(dòng)詞ing 例子： I am writing. He is drinking water. We are reading some books. 4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。was/were +動(dòng)詞ing 例子：He was watching TV at 8 . last night. Were you here at 3 o’clock yesterday?5. 一般將來時(shí) 概念：表示將來發(fā)生的事情或者動(dòng)作。(1)will + 動(dòng)詞原形 例子：I will finish the task tomorrow.(2)am +going to+動(dòng)詞原形 例子：I am going to write you a letter.is +going to+動(dòng)詞原形 She is going to leave soon.are +going to+動(dòng)詞原形 They are going to have a party.6. 過去將來時(shí) 概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。(1)would + 動(dòng)詞原形 例子：He said he would e to see me.(2)was/were +going to+動(dòng)詞原形 例子：He told me that he was going to buy a car. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。have/has +過去分詞 例子： We have been in Beijing for ten days. Lucy has watched that movie. 8. 過去完成時(shí) 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。had +過去分詞 例子：He had learned 5,000 words by the end of last year.四．動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)1. 主動(dòng)語態(tài) （人或者物體作主語，是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞可以是及物動(dòng)詞，也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞)I buy a book.The cat is eating a fish.I run in a park everyday.2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài) （人或者物體作主語，是動(dòng)作的接受者，動(dòng)詞只能是及物動(dòng)詞,結(jié)構(gòu)：be + done ，be可以是各種時(shí)態(tài)和形式)1. The book is bought by me.2. The books are bought by me.3. The book was bought by me.4. The books were bought by me.5. The book will be bought by me.6. The book has been bought by me.7. The books have been bought by me.8. The books had been bought by me before I came home.9. The books are being bought by me at the moment. 五．各種從句1. 主語從句 在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就叫主語從句。主語從句可以由下列連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略。 ? 　　連詞：that，whether ? 　　連接代詞：what，whatever，who，whoever等 ? 　　連接副詞：when，where，how，why That she is my good friend is known to all. 她是我的好朋友是眾所周知的。What she did was stupid. 她做的事情很愚蠢。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoever es first will get the gift. 先到的人就能得到禮物。有時(shí)候用it作為形式主語，將真實(shí)主語（也就是主語從句）置于句末。It is not clear to anyone how this happened.2. 表語從句用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。通常跟在be動(dòng)詞后面，由who，what，when，why，how，that等詞引導(dǎo)。The problem is who can finish this task on time. 問題是誰能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。The question is how he did it. 問題是他如何做此事的。That was what he said. 這就是他所說的話。The trouble is that I have lost my keys. 麻煩是我把鑰