【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩，在純電動車行駛過程中不需要換擋變速裝置，操縱方便容易，噪音低。 電機驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)與混合動力汽車相比，純電動車使用單一電能源，電控系統(tǒng)大大減少了汽車內(nèi)部機械傳動系統(tǒng)，結(jié)構(gòu)更簡化，也降低了機械部件摩擦導(dǎo)致的能量損耗及噪音，節(jié)省了汽車內(nèi)部空間、重量。電機驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)是新能源汽車車輛行駛中的主要執(zhí)行結(jié)構(gòu)，驅(qū)動電機及其控制系統(tǒng)是新能源汽車的核心部件（電池、電機、電控）之一，其驅(qū)動特性決定了汽車行駛的主要性能指標(biāo)，它是電動汽車的重要部件。電動汽車中的燃料電池汽車FCV、混合動力汽車HEV 和純電動汽車EV 三大類都要用電動機來驅(qū)動車輪行駛，選擇合適的電動機是提高各類電動汽車性價比的重要因素，因此研發(fā)或完善能同時滿足車輛行駛過程中的各項性能要求，并具有堅固耐用、造價低、效能高等特點的電動機驅(qū)動方式顯得極其重要。 發(fā)展電動汽車意義重大電動汽車其他有關(guān)的技術(shù)，近年都有巨大的進(jìn)步，如：交流感應(yīng)電機及其控制，稀土永磁無刷電機及其控制，電池和整車能量管理系統(tǒng)，智能及快速充電技術(shù)，低阻力輪胎，輕量和低風(fēng)阻車身，制動能量回收等等，這些技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使電動汽車日見完善和走向?qū)嵱没?雖然在能源與環(huán)保的壓力下，世界各大汽車公司無不涉足電動汽車領(lǐng)域，但是由于技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上存在的各種困難，電動汽車還有很長一段路要走才能實現(xiàn)絕對的產(chǎn)業(yè)化。因此在我國研究發(fā)展電動汽車不是一個臨時的短期措施，而是意義重大的、長遠(yuǎn)的戰(zhàn)略考慮。9 結(jié)束語 科學(xué)技術(shù)的日益進(jìn)步必將推動新能源汽車的發(fā)展，在環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重的今天，減少傳統(tǒng)污染源的排放成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。面對環(huán)境的污染，我們必須盡可能的多做一些改變環(huán)境的事，逐漸用新能源電動汽車替代傳統(tǒng)汽車，已成為當(dāng)今汽車行業(yè)的共識。汽車是汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。電動汽車的發(fā)展?fàn)可娑鄬W(xué)科、多方面的內(nèi)容，既有技術(shù)層面的問題，又要考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源、環(huán)境等方面的影響。與傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機汽車相比，電動汽車在環(huán)境保護(hù)與節(jié)能方面具有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。盡管電動汽車的產(chǎn)業(yè)化還有很長的路要走，但在當(dāng)今“節(jié)能”和“環(huán)?！钡氖澜缈萍及l(fā)展的大環(huán)境下，電動汽車將成為未來汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的必然選擇。未來在國家的更有利的支持政策下，我國的電動汽車業(yè)將迎來很好的機遇。 致 謝 感謝導(dǎo)師張宏鵬的關(guān)心、指導(dǎo)和教誨。張宏鵬老師追求真理、獻(xiàn)身科學(xué)、嚴(yán)以律己、寬已待人的崇高品質(zhì)對學(xué)生將是永遠(yuǎn)的鞭策。 作者在該論文設(shè)計期間的工作是在張宏鵬老師全面、具體的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的。張老師淵博的學(xué)識、敏銳的思維、民主而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)淖黠L(fēng)，使學(xué)生收益匪淺，終生難忘。 感謝張宏鵬老師的關(guān)心和幫助。 感謝我的學(xué)友和朋友們對我的關(guān)心和幫助。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]陳清泉，孫立清，電動汽車的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢，科技導(dǎo)報，2005,23（4）[2]楊孝綸，電動汽車技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢及前景（上），《汽車科技》2007年 第6期[3]楊孝綸，電動汽車技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢及前景（下），《汽車科技》2008年 第1期[4]田美娥，電動汽車發(fā)展趨勢，《輕型汽車技術(shù)》2010年 第11期[5]陳清泉，孫逢春，：北京理工大學(xué)出版社，2002請刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。 disdain for this taxation without representation (socalled because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the . Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Ine tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the population was required to pay the tax. A flatrate ine tax was imposed in 1867. The ine tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Ine tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Ine Tax Act of 1894. The tax at that time was two percent on individual ines in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population (pollock v. farmers39。 loan amp。 trust, 158 . 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 [1895]). After many years of debate and promise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on ine without apportionment among the states. The objectives of the ine tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the . ine tax system has bee very plex. In 1913 the ine tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation。 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of ta