【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 的管理經(jīng)驗盡快建立我國的工程擔保和責任保險制度，如：投標擔保、工程履約擔保、業(yè)主支付擔保、承包商支付擔保、保修擔保等擔保制度。這不但能減少建設主體各方的經(jīng)營風險，更能以市場手段來進行制約，使建筑業(yè)能更健康、更規(guī)范地發(fā)展。（六）施工企業(yè)要制定“企業(yè)定額”企業(yè)定額是市場經(jīng)濟形勢發(fā)展的需要，也是建筑市場合理低價競標的需要，建設部《關于進一步加強工程招標投標管理的規(guī)定》中指出：“引導企業(yè)在國家定額的指導下，依據(jù)自身技術和管理情況建立內(nèi)部定額，提高報價的水平和技巧”。在推行工程量清單招標的情況下，投標單位根據(jù)什么報價呢？只有根據(jù)“企業(yè)定額”。在推行合理低價競標的情況下，企業(yè)又根據(jù)什么來衡量和測定“低價”是合理的呢？也只有根據(jù)“企業(yè)定額”。[7]在市場經(jīng)濟條件下，“企業(yè)定額”不僅有控制施工成本的作用，而且是參與市場競爭的重要手段，也是自主報價的最重要的依據(jù)企業(yè)有了自己的定額，在市場競爭中才會心中有數(shù)；在投標中才不至于任意壓價。在某種意義上講，才能避免“豆腐渣”工程的出現(xiàn)。因“企業(yè)定額”這一基礎工作必須加強。企業(yè)要制作四本定額，一是工程實體消耗定額，即構成工程實體的人工、材料、機械的定額消耗量；二是措施性消耗定額，包括模板、腳手架的配置與周轉(zhuǎn)等措施性項目；三是資源基礎價格表，即建立詳細的材料價格庫；四是管理費用的分攤標準。（七）建立建筑業(yè)企業(yè)誠信體系成熱的市場經(jīng)濟條件下，誠信成為企業(yè)生存之本，建筑市場激烈的競爭，使得各承包商越來越意識到“信譽”對一個企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展的重要性。尤其目前建筑市場僧多粥少，招投標競爭幾乎達到自熱化的程度，施工企業(yè)在競爭中除了具備優(yōu)秀的技術、先進的管理外，良好的信譽和和起著舉足輕重的作用，信譽的缺失，將使其失去市場角逐基本的資格條件。[8]通過各種立法為規(guī)范建筑活動確立一系列基本信用制度的基礎上，要共同營造一種相互信任和恪守信約的道德氛圍。提倡誠信為本、操守為重的經(jīng)營方式。一方面加強企業(yè)合同的履約意識，在確保履約的同時，要維護自己權益，小要輕易許諾危害企業(yè)的各種要求和行為。另一方面對投標人、擔保人、中介機構、業(yè)主建立信譽檔案，對各方市場主體特別是投標人山于惡意降低報價而在工程施工過程中偷工減料、降低工程質(zhì)量、拖延工期的行為及時記錄在案，并向社會公布，作為評標和確定投標入圍的依據(jù)。對嚴重惡意競爭者采取限期小得進入建筑市場參加投標、降低資質(zhì)等級等處罰；對于業(yè)主及中介機構的不良行為也同樣及時給子公布。促使有關市場主體慎重做出承諾，認真履行承諾，形成誠實、守信的建筑市場環(huán)境。真正體現(xiàn)誠實信用的價值和失信違約的代價，這樣才能為合理低價中標法夯實基礎。六、結論推行“合理低價中標”評標法是貫徹《招標投標法》的要求，是大勢所趨。我們要積極行動起來。一方面，改革在商務評標上“只看投標總價，不看價格構成”的思想觀念，重視對商務標的評審和工作。另一方面，認真研究適合我國現(xiàn)行國情的評標細則。使我國的評標工作盡快走入正規(guī)。第三，應認真貫徹實行相關的配套措施，使合理低價中標法在我國能夠真正實行。參考文獻[1][J].中國新技術新產(chǎn)品，2011，（19）.[2]朱建軍，林勇，[J].江蘇建筑，2012，（4）.[3][J].工程技術，2013，（1）.[4][J].建筑經(jīng)濟，2013，（4）.[5][J].浙江建筑，2011，（6）.[6][J].山西建筑，2011，（14）.[7][J].中國水利，2012，（12）.[8][J].西部探礦工程，2010，（12）.第 16 頁 共 16 頁致 謝 在這次的畢業(yè)論文的寫作中，我的導師張永東老師給了我莫大的鼓勵和幫助，從開始到最后始終嚴把關，力求讓我能寫出自己的水平，一遍遍地幫我檢查，指出其中的優(yōu)勢與不足，在這里我表示我真心的感謝，同時還要謝謝那些和我一同學習、一起進步、一路扶持的可愛的同學和朋友們。您好，為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請您刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝！??！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China39。s Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansu39。s Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horsedrawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as AlmaAta, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to plete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will e back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54yearold was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 39。80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldn39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。t have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isn39。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。s performers of the troupe still tour the region39。s villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing39。s Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupe39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。s Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun r