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商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-14 13:54 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ental feature of this story is as follows.4) The experiment consists of three steps, which are described in…5) Recent experiments in this area suggested that…Useful sentence patterns in concluding sentences:1) In conclusion, we state that …2) In summing up it may be stated that…3) The result of the experiment indicate that…4) The research we have done suggests that…5) As a result of our experiments, we concluded that…6) The author has satisfactorily e to the conclusion that…7) Finally, a summary is given of…在寫(xiě)英文論文摘要時(shí)值得注意的是,不少學(xué)生在完成中文的摘要后,逐詞逐句地將中文摘要翻譯為英文,往往造成語(yǔ)句不通,無(wú)章法、無(wú)邏輯之感,若不看中文就讓人難以理解。因此,建議同學(xué)們不一定要完全按照中文摘要來(lái)編寫(xiě)英文摘要,只要能夠反映出中文摘要的主要內(nèi)容,句子通順、沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤即可。下面我們以一篇學(xué)生的論文摘要為例。摘 要:語(yǔ)言作為人類(lèi)社會(huì)的一個(gè)組成部分,從一定程度上反映了某個(gè)民族的價(jià)值觀(guān)、社會(huì)習(xí)俗、宗教信仰和歷史背景等方面的特征,它是文化的組成部分和載體。由于各國(guó)文化背景不同,使用不同語(yǔ)言的民族在其漫長(zhǎng)的歷史演變過(guò)程中形成了異彩紛呈的文化特色。習(xí)語(yǔ)作為語(yǔ)言精華,集中體現(xiàn)了各個(gè)民族的個(gè)性文化特征。在翻譯方面習(xí)語(yǔ)也以它獨(dú)特的表現(xiàn)形式說(shuō)明了只有在了解和掌握兩個(gè)民族各不相同的文化淵源的基礎(chǔ)上,才能順利進(jìn)行習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯。關(guān)鍵詞:文化差異;民族;習(xí)語(yǔ);翻譯AbstractThe language is regarded as a ponent of the human society, have reflected the characteristic in respects such as the values, social usage, religious belief and historical background of a certain nationality,etc. from a certain degree, it is ponent and carrier of the culture. Because the culture background of various countries is different, use the nationality of different languages to form the culture characteristic that radiant splendour appears in its long historical development. The idiom embodies a concentrated reflection of the individual character culture characteristic of each nationality as language quintessence. The idiom has been explained only on the basis of understanding and grasping cultural origin that two nationalities have nothing in mon with each other in the form of its unique behavior too in translating, we could carry on the translation of the idiom smoothly.我們通過(guò)對(duì)照其中文摘要,會(huì)明顯發(fā)現(xiàn)英文摘要幾乎完全是按漢語(yǔ)順序翻譯過(guò)來(lái)的,造成了多處語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤及語(yǔ)句不通。下面是修改過(guò)的英文摘要,同學(xué)們可以做適當(dāng)?shù)谋容^,以便掌握好英文摘要的寫(xiě)作技巧。AbstractLanguage is regarded as a ponent of the human society. In some degree, it reflects the sense of value, social customs, religious belief and historical background of a certain nation. Language is a part and the carrier of a nation’s culture. Because of different culture backgrounds, different nations’ people have developed their various and colorful cultures. Idioms embody a concentrated reflection of the individual culture characteristic of each nationality as language quintessence. So, when we translate the idioms, we must understand and grasp the different nations’ cultural origin. And only on the basis of that can we translate the idioms smoothly and correctly.2.關(guān)鍵詞論文的關(guān)鍵詞一般要求3-5個(gè)即可,所選詞必須是論文所論述的主題密切相關(guān)的詞組。3.正文正文一般包括序言、主體、結(jié)語(yǔ);高職高專(zhuān)的畢業(yè)論文也可只有主體部分。序言一般包括論文的主要論點(diǎn)、論證目的和意義、論證中采用的方法、擬采用的例證材料和論證的結(jié)果或結(jié)論。主要論點(diǎn)即論文擬論證和回答的問(wèn)題。論證的目的和意義即論證有關(guān)問(wèn)題的必要性,如以往某些方面的研究尚未取得結(jié)論,或發(fā)現(xiàn)以往的研究結(jié)果存在一定失誤,或者以往的研究中提出的新問(wèn)題需更進(jìn)一步探討等等。有關(guān)方法的討論應(yīng)充分說(shuō)明為何擬采用的方法適用于此論題的討論,如比較、調(diào)研綜述、逐條論述、例案分析等方法。論證的結(jié)果或結(jié)論只需列舉幾條加以概括,以促使讀者讀完全文,對(duì)論證的結(jié)果作出評(píng)估。寫(xiě)序言時(shí),不要認(rèn)為已有了摘要就可以省略摘要的內(nèi)容。序言中不僅應(yīng)包括摘要中的全部?jī)?nèi)容,而且需提供更多、更詳盡的信息。論文主體也就是文章的討論分析部分。該部分需逐一對(duì)論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析討論,要求層次清楚,分析透徹,論據(jù)充分。若用英文寫(xiě)論文,在敘述人們普遍認(rèn)為是真實(shí)的情況時(shí),用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可用于描述明顯的、常識(shí)性的事物,如“Jane Eyre is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bront233?!?the famous British novelist.”(《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》是英國(guó)著名女作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的杰作)。在敘述調(diào)研中所做的工作時(shí)可用過(guò)去時(shí),如:“We made a questionnaire among 600 vocational college students.” 在說(shuō)明事實(shí)、論據(jù)時(shí)用現(xiàn)在時(shí),如“This method is applicable to both listening and speaking.”事實(shí)和論據(jù)在作為調(diào)研過(guò)程中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的資料說(shuō)明時(shí),可用過(guò)去時(shí),如“We found many students not good at speaking English.”4.結(jié)語(yǔ)這部分在論文中所占篇幅最小,但這部分集中描述該論文的論證成果或結(jié)論,對(duì)全文會(huì)起到一個(gè)升華的作用。在寫(xiě)結(jié)語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)首先重復(fù)“序言”中有關(guān)課題的內(nèi)容,突出為何該項(xiàng)課題,同時(shí)也以此再次告知讀者開(kāi)展此項(xiàng)課題要達(dá)到的目的。述說(shuō)結(jié)語(yǔ)內(nèi)容時(shí)注意不能使用過(guò)于自信的語(yǔ)言或作過(guò)高的評(píng)價(jià),表述用詞應(yīng)仔細(xì)斟酌。例如:“I am the first person to find the effective method.” (我是發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)有效方法的第一人),此類(lèi)說(shuō)法欠妥,應(yīng)選用留有余地的詞句,如“I might be the first to find the method so effective.”(我可能是發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)方法如此有效的第一人)。這種場(chǎng)合常用的詞有could, may, might等。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分還有必要提出如何深入探討有關(guān)問(wèn)題,不少論文常忽視這一點(diǎn)。應(yīng)對(duì)自己提出這樣的問(wèn)題:若還有機(jī)會(huì)繼續(xù)做該課題,準(zhǔn)備怎么做?在該課題上已投入很多時(shí)間,無(wú)疑一定清楚還有哪些尚未完成的,或還有哪些需要與其他人商榷的地方。5.腳注或尾注腳注或尾注的作用是注明論文中被引用資料的確切來(lái)源或出處。腳注即將注釋放在當(dāng)頁(yè)下端,尾注是將全部注釋集中置于正文之后。腳注和尾注的格式基本一樣,一般順序?yàn)椋鹤髡呙?,?shū)名,出版社,出版年,被引用資料的頁(yè)碼;若是雜志中的某篇文章,則要注明:作者名、文章名、雜志名、發(fā)表時(shí)間、文章出自的頁(yè)碼。被引用的資料第一次做注時(shí),這些內(nèi)容需全部寫(xiě)出,以后再次或多次引用同一資料時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)略,只需標(biāo)明書(shū)名或文章名及來(lái)源頁(yè)碼即可。如::外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,2003:175.Elaine Showalter , A Literature of Their Own. Princeton University Press , 1977, .6.參考文獻(xiàn)論文若采用尾注方式,參考文獻(xiàn)則寫(xiě)在尾注后面。參考文獻(xiàn)目錄列出對(duì)論文產(chǎn)生影響的所有參考資料,按作者姓氏的首字母順序排列,文獻(xiàn)資料包括書(shū)籍、論文、采訪(fǎng)記錄、電視節(jié)目等等。如:中文參考文獻(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明:鄧炎昌、——英漢語(yǔ)言文化對(duì)比[M].北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社, 2004.[M].北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社, 2003.胡文仲. 跨文化交際面面觀(guān)[M]. 北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,1999.平洪、[M].北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社. 2001.[J].鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)( 社會(huì)科學(xué)版) ,第5 卷第1 期.英文參考文獻(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明:Bromhead, Peter, Life in Modern America, Longman Group Limited, London, 1978.Eiger, Richard W., The World Almanac Books, New Jersey, A KIII CommunicationsCompany, 1998.Kenan
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