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. Jamal, Donald Getz. Collaboration theory and munity tourism planning [J]. Annals of tourism research,1995,22(1) :186204.[2]東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)關(guān)于我國(guó)主題飯店分布情況觀察研究報(bào)告[M],2007[3][D]西北工業(yè)大學(xué),[4]、模式、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其防范問(wèn)題[M].企業(yè)導(dǎo)報(bào),[5]汪穎,[J].財(cái)經(jīng)縱橫. [6][M]濟(jì)南:山東大學(xué)出版社,2011:58[7] (2013/7/4)[8]全國(guó)旅游業(yè)利用外資達(dá)五百億美元[N].人民日?qǐng)?bào)海外版:2003,11(22):1[9][D].成都:四川大學(xué)2003.[10][J]旅游世界:[11][J]致謝大學(xué)四年生活如白駒過(guò)隙,回想這四年的生活,心中感到十分充實(shí),在我完成這篇論文的時(shí)候,感觸頗多。首先,我要特別感謝張瑩老師這學(xué)期的悉心指導(dǎo),她在忙碌的教學(xué)中擠出寶貴的時(shí)間來(lái)幫我修改論文。張老師嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)淖黠L(fēng),務(wù)實(shí)的工作態(tài)度,勤懇的學(xué)習(xí)精神令我十分敬佩,并且獲益良多。還有教過(guò)我課程的所有老師們,你們嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致、精益求精的作風(fēng)一直是我不斷學(xué)習(xí)中的榜樣;你們傳授給我方方面面的知識(shí),循循善誘的教導(dǎo)和不拘一格的思路給予我無(wú)盡的啟迪,拓寬了我的知識(shí)面,培養(yǎng)了我的功底,對(duì)論文的完成不無(wú)裨益。在此表示真摯地感謝和深深地謝意。其次,我要感謝我的同學(xué)與朋友,在論文的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中,得到了他們的寶貴意見(jiàn)、支持和幫助,在此表示以誠(chéng)懇的謝意。感謝我的舍友們,謝謝他們?cè)谶@大學(xué)四年里給予我的幫助和關(guān)心。能夠和他們相遇、相交、相知是我覺(jué)得人生中最為幸運(yùn)的事之一。最后,要特別感謝我的父母和親人,他們是我永遠(yuǎn)的依靠和支撐,他們無(wú)微不至的關(guān)懷,是我前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力;他們的殷殷希望,激發(fā)我不斷前行。本論文的完成并非終點(diǎn),文章中的不足和淺顯之處則是我征程上的一個(gè)個(gè)新的起點(diǎn)。我將繼續(xù)前行! 田夢(mèng)婷 2015年4月26號(hào)請(qǐng)刪除以下內(nèi)容,O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?! The term autism refers to a cluster of conditions appearing early in childhood. All involve severe impairments in social interaction, munication, imaginative abilities, and rigid, repetitive behaviors. To be considered an autistic disorder, some of these impairments must be manifest before the age of three. The reference book used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , also known as the DSM. The 2000 edition of this reference book (the Fourth Edition Text Revision known as DSMIVTR ) places autism in a category called pervasive developmental disorders . All of these disorders are characterized by ongoing problems with mutual social interaction and munication, or the presence of strange, repetitive behaviors,interests, and activities. People diagnosed with these disorders are affected in many ways for their entire lives. Description Each child diagnosed with an autistic disorder differs from every other, and so general descriptions of autistic behavior and characteristics do not apply equally to every child. Still, the mon impairments in social interaction, munication and imagination, and rigid, repetitive behaviors make it possible to recognize children with these disorders, as they differ markedly from healthy children in many ways. Many parents of autistic children sense that something is not quite right even when their children are infants. The infants may have feeding problems, dislike being changed or bathed, or fuss over any change in routine. They may hold their bodies rigid, making it difficult for parents to cuddle them. Or, they may fail to anticipate being lifted, lying passively while the parent reaches for them, rather than holding their arms up in return. Most parents of autistic children bee aware of the strangeness of these and other behaviors only gradually. Impairments in social interaction are usually among the earliest symptoms to develop. The most mon social impairment is a kind of indifference to other people, or aloofness, even towards parents and close caregivers. The baby may fail to respond to his or her name being called and may show very little facial expression unless extremely angry, upset, or happy. Babies with autism may resist being touched, and appear to be lost in their own world, far from human interaction. Between seven and 10 months of age, most infants often resist being separated from a parent or wellknown caregiver, but these infants may show no disturbance when picked up by a stranger. Other children with autism may be very passive, although less resistant to efforts by others to interact. However, they do not initiate social interaction themselves. Still others may attempt to engage with adults and peers, but in ways that strike others as inappropriate, or odd. In adolescence and adulthood, some of the higherfunctioning individuals with autistic disorders may appear overly formal and polite. They may react with little spontaneity, as if social interaction doesn39。t e naturally or easily to them, and so they are trying to follow a predetermined set of rules. Some individuals with autism have normal intelligence, and many have special talents in areas such as music or memory. However, individuals with autism may have other mental or emotional problems that coexist with their autism. Some of these other disorders may include impulse control disorders, obsessivepulsive disorder , mood and anxiety disorders, and mental retardation . PSYCHOLOGICAL AND FAMILY FACTORS. Although Henry Maudsley, in the late 1800s, was the first psychiatrist to focus on very young children with mental disorders, it was the psychiatrist Leo Kanner who coined the phrase early infantile autism in 1943. Kanner believed that the parent