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AM Heart Study HDL as CHD risk factor showed 186 events, in men aged 40 60 years (n = 4407) CHD Incidence per 1, 000 in 6 years 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ? 35 35 55 ? 55 HDLC (mg/dL) 110 30 21 ASSMANN G。 Lipid Metabolism Disorders and CHD。 MMV Medizin Verlag, 1993: 59 PROCAM Heart Study LDL as CHD risk factor showed 177 events in men aged 40 60 years, ( n = 4263) CHD Incidence per 1, 000 in 6 years 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 ? 135 135 154 155 195 ? 195 LDLC (mg/dL) 54 30 16 31 120 ASSMANN G。 Lipid Metabolism Disorders and CHD。 MMV Medizin Verlag, 1993: 60 PROCAM Heart Study Expert Opinions Part IV The Lipid Triad Expert Comments AHA, November 1999 “Evaluating the risk on the bases of LDL alone, is naive” Valentin Fuster, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York “The LDL/HDL ratio is a much stronger predictor for the CHD risk than LDL alone” Paul Ridker, Brigham Institute for Women’s Hospital, Boston ACCP, March 2022 “Low HDL is a better indicator of CHD than high LDL as seen in epidemiological studies such as the Framingham Study and recently the VAHIT Study.” Sander Robins, University Medical Center, Boston “Landmark statin trials have shown consistent benefits on CHD reduction after raising HDL by 5 10% irrespective of LDL levels” Christie Ballantyne, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston The Lipid Triad Expert Comments Helsinki Heart Study “The LDL/HDL ratio was the best single predictor of cardiac events” Manninen V, Leena T, Koskinen P et al. Circulation 1992。85, 1: 37 “ Patients in the placebo group with triglyceride levels of ? 200 mg/dl and an LDL/HDL ratio of ? had by far the highest incidence of cardiac events” Gerd Assmann, Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Coronary Heart Disease, MMV Medizin Verlag, 1993 The Lipid Triad Expert Comments PROCAM “The greatest difference, in relative terms, between the groups with and without major coronary events was seen in the LDL/HDLratio” Assmann G, Cullen P and Schulte H。 Eur Heart Journal 1998, 19 A2A11 “For practical purposes it appears