復旦大學語言學導論課件(編輯修改稿)
2024-11-15 14:49 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 hot” ? tiwwi ik+tiww+o he opens (it)” he doesn39。t open (it) 其他的構詞方法 ? Eponymy（ 因人名、地名等得名的詞） : sandwich, jumbo ? Blending（縮合詞） : smog=smoke+fog ? Compounding（復合詞） : girlfriend, paperclip 比較： bl225。ckbird bl225。ck b237。rd m225。keup m225。ke p 其他的構詞方法 ? Acronym（首字母縮拼詞） : UNESCO = United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ? Backformation（逆構詞） : enthusiasm enthuse ? Abbreviation（縮寫詞） : doctorDr. 語言的詞素類型 ? Analytic（分析性） : all free morphemes, . no affixes (Mandarin) ? Synthetic（綜合性） : bination of free and bound morphemes – Agglutinating（粘著語） : affixes attach to base but are still visable, each carries one meaning – Fusional（溶合語） : affixes fuse with base in pronunciation so that the individual morphemes are hard to spot – Polysynthetic（多式綜合語 ): several stems with their affixes can bine with other stems and affixes 句法學 (Syntax) 句法學研究的范圍 句法學：研究組詞造句的規(guī)則或規(guī)律。 形態(tài)學 (詞 ) 句法學 (句子 ) 篇章分析 (篇章 ) 語序類型 SOV SVO VSO VOS OVS 遞歸 ? Billy eats worms ? Ruthy made Billy eat worms ? The teacher let Ruthy make Billy eat worms ? I saw the teacher let Ruthy make Billy eat worms ? The principle knows I saw the teacher let Ruthy make Billy eat worms ? The superintendent wonders whether the principle knows I saw the teacher let Ruthy make Billy eat worms S NP Verb S NP let S Det Noun let S the teacher let S the teacher let Noun Verb S the teacher let Ruthy make S the teacher let Ruthy mak
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