西方語(yǔ)言學(xué)流派漫談-劉潤(rùn)清老師(編輯修改稿)
2025-06-17 16:16 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ，也有互相借鑒， 但從思潮上講二者是很不同的，兩大陣營(yíng)開(kāi)展對(duì)話也很困難。 The functionalists interpret language as a work of relations, with structures ing in as the realization of these relationships。 they tend to emphasize variables among languages, to take semantics as the foundation (hence the grammar is natural), and so to be anized around the text, or discourse. There are many crosscurrents, with insights borrowed from one to the other。 but they are ideologically fairly difficult and it is often difficulty to maintain a dialogue. 韓禮德還說(shuō)：功能語(yǔ)法屬于應(yīng)用研究，形式語(yǔ)法屬于純理論研究；功能語(yǔ)法更近于修辭， 形式語(yǔ)法更近于邏輯；功能語(yǔ)法研究實(shí)際語(yǔ)言能力，形式語(yǔ)法研究理想的語(yǔ)言能力；功能語(yǔ)法研究文本 /語(yǔ)篇，形式語(yǔ)法研究句子。它把文本分析看做行為方式，語(yǔ)言理論是成事之手段。 ? Halliday: In general the functional approach leans towards the applied rather than the pure, the rhetorical rather than the logical, the actual rather the ideal, the functional rather than the formal, the text rather than the sentence. ? The emphasis is on text analysis as a mode of action, a theory of language as a means of getting things done. ?研究流派更具理論價(jià)值 : 從哲學(xué)上看 , 如何看待世界就如何看待語(yǔ)言 。從心理學(xué)上看 , “白板說(shuō)” 和“內(nèi)容說(shuō)”也區(qū)分兩派 。從方法論上看 , 歸納法 , 演繹法 , 二者結(jié)合等 ,也有不同 . 3. 流派與分支的價(jià)值 Significance of the Two It’s more theoretically significant to study schools。 they involve philosophy, psychology (blank slate/content), and methodology (induction， deduction， verification, falsification, abduction). 3. 流派與分支的價(jià)值 Significance of the Two ?研究分支更具使用價(jià)值 : 語(yǔ)言內(nèi)部分支也有理論價(jià)值 , 但有更多的使用價(jià)值 。外部分支既有理論價(jià)值 ,又有應(yīng)用價(jià)值 . ?It’s more significant in practice to study the various branches of linguistics, not without theoretical significance. 3. 流派與分支的價(jià)值 Significance of the Two ?任何學(xué)科內(nèi) , 不應(yīng)該只注重應(yīng)用研究 , 基礎(chǔ)理論研究十分重要 . ? In any discipline we should take seriously both basic, pure research and applied research. Both are useful and important. 4. 流派介紹 Schools 傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法 : 從希臘語(yǔ)到拉丁語(yǔ) , 再?gòu)睦≌Z(yǔ)到其他歐洲語(yǔ)言 。注重語(yǔ)音和詞匯 , 句法很少 , 以教學(xué)語(yǔ)法為主 ,多為規(guī)定性語(yǔ)法 ,不是描寫性語(yǔ)法 。影響很大 ,時(shí)間很長(zhǎng) 。 其貢獻(xiàn)是創(chuàng)造了描寫工具 (其術(shù)語(yǔ)今天還在使用 ). Traditional Grammar: focus on phoics and words。 school grammar, prescriptive。 influential。 its terms still in use today. 4. 流派介紹 Schools ? 歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué) : 語(yǔ)言比較 ,語(yǔ)言歷史 ,語(yǔ)言譜系 , 語(yǔ)音變化規(guī)律 。其后期的新語(yǔ)法學(xué)派為避免 20世紀(jì)培養(yǎng)了人才 。歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)為避免 20世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)開(kāi)端鋪平道路 . ? Historical Linguistics: language parison, family trees o
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