【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 駕駛室或操作室應(yīng)保持清潔，嚴(yán)禁存放易燃、易爆物品。嚴(yán)禁酒后操作機械，嚴(yán)禁機械帶病運轉(zhuǎn)或超負(fù)荷運轉(zhuǎn)。 機械設(shè)備 在施工現(xiàn)場停放時，應(yīng)選擇安全的停入地點，夜間應(yīng)有專人看管。用手柄起動的機械應(yīng)注意手柄倒轉(zhuǎn)傷人，向機械加油時要嚴(yán)禁煙火。嚴(yán)禁對運轉(zhuǎn)中的機械設(shè)備進(jìn)行維修、保養(yǎng)、調(diào)整等作業(yè)。 指揮施工機械作業(yè)人員，必須站在可讓人瞭望的安全地點，并應(yīng)明確 16 規(guī)定指揮聯(lián)絡(luò)信號。 使用鋼絲繩的機械，在運轉(zhuǎn)中嚴(yán)禁用手套或其他物件接觸鋼絲繩，用鋼絲繩拖、拉機械或重物時，人員應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離鋼絲繩。 起重作業(yè)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》（ JGJ86） T 《建筑安裝工人安全技術(shù)操作規(guī)定》的要求執(zhí)行。 定期組織機電設(shè)備、車輛安全大檢查 , 對檢查中查出的安全問題 , 按照“三不放過”的原則進(jìn)行調(diào)查處理，制定防范措施，防止機械事故的發(fā)生。 第十章 文明施工和環(huán)境保護(hù) 工程實施時，將嚴(yán)格遵守《建設(shè)工程現(xiàn)場文明施工管理暫行規(guī)定》并積極爭創(chuàng)文明施工工地。 根據(jù)現(xiàn)場條件、項目部場地設(shè)置施工標(biāo)示牌，標(biāo)明建設(shè)工程名稱、規(guī)模及業(yè)主、設(shè)計、監(jiān)理、施工單位名稱和施工單位負(fù)責(zé)人，總工程師以及工程開工、竣工日期、施工許可證等。 項目經(jīng)理部指派副經(jīng)理主抓文明施工、環(huán)境保護(hù)工作，并實行責(zé)任承包制，將文明施工和環(huán)境保護(hù)與各作業(yè)組管 理人員工資考核掛鉤。 施工現(xiàn)場場容管理嚴(yán)格按規(guī)定辦理，并采取以下保證措施： ① . 按施工總平面布置圖實施管理，施工現(xiàn)場內(nèi)的所有臨時設(shè)施均按平面圖布置，使施工現(xiàn)場處于有序狀態(tài)。 ② . 施工現(xiàn)場設(shè)置的臨時設(shè)施，包括辦公室、宿舍、食堂、廁所等建立住地文明、衛(wèi)生、防火、責(zé)任制，按規(guī)定布置防火設(shè)施，并落實相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人管理。 ③ . 工地的原材料和半成品不得堆放于圍墻外，材料及半成品的堆碼嚴(yán)格按單位《文明施工管理辦法》要求分類堆放，并用標(biāo)識牌標(biāo)識清楚，進(jìn)行必要的防護(hù)。 ④ . 施工現(xiàn)場內(nèi)道路平整暢通，排 水出口良好，無人作業(yè)的溝、井、坑均加設(shè)護(hù)蓋和安全防護(hù)標(biāo)志或固填整齊。 ⑤ . 對施工道路加強養(yǎng)護(hù)整修，必要時可采用灑水車灑水，避免塵土飛揚，影響環(huán)境。 ⑥ . 工程完工后，按要求及時拆除所有工地圍墻、安全防護(hù)設(shè)施和其 17 它臨時設(shè)施，并將工地及周圍環(huán)境清理整潔，做到工完、料清、場地凈。 ⑦ . 施工機械停放整齊有序，廢油廢液集中倒于土坑內(nèi)，防止對周圍環(huán)境的污染。 第十一章 基坑開挖環(huán)境監(jiān)測及應(yīng)急措施 基坑監(jiān)測 因該基坑周邊環(huán)境較好，但是地層較差，為了確保工程順利施工以及基坑安全，該 工程必須制定嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)測方案，采用信息法施工，因基坑監(jiān)測不在本單位施工范圍內(nèi)，故本施工方案略。詳細(xì)參見基坑支護(hù)設(shè)計文件。 應(yīng)急措施 對于基坑開挖過程中突發(fā)和偶然因素下發(fā)生的事件，我們首先應(yīng)有所估計，根據(jù)基坑施工特點，結(jié)合具體工程特點制定可行的預(yù)防措施，以確保施工中不至措手不及，同時可確?；影踩?。 根據(jù)基坑設(shè)計要求，對于該基坑施工中可能出現(xiàn)的問題及采用的措施列表 4 如下： 表 4 出現(xiàn)問題 應(yīng)急措施 坡頂水平位移過大 加長加密木樁、砂袋反壓坡腳 坡壁滲水量大 增設(shè)注漿孔、 泄水孔同時加大速凝劑用量 邊坡地面下沉或裂縫擴大 封填裂縫、查明原因、必要時先反壓 應(yīng)急措施的安排 施工現(xiàn)場較窄小，其開挖后周邊不宜堆放材料，對其應(yīng)急所用材料及施工人員、設(shè)備擬作以下準(zhǔn)備： ① . 對其應(yīng)急材料，備用部分鋼管或型鋼、紅磚、砂、石料、編織袋等，同時與供應(yīng)商保持密切聯(lián)系，以保證及時供貨。 18 ②. 對擬采用措施的施工設(shè)備，如鉆孔機、錨桿機等檢修完畢備放基地，以保證及時運送至現(xiàn)場。 ③ . 在基坑開挖過程中，保證 24 小時有人值班，對其基坑變形以及周邊環(huán)境變化及 時掌握，對其突發(fā)問題有一個預(yù)估，為應(yīng)急措施的實施提供時間保證。 ④ . 對于搶險人員、儲備施工人員 20 人左右，其技術(shù)人員保持通信暢通，確保能及時到位處理突發(fā)事件。 請刪除以下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！ boxing Fet the euphemistic ‘noble art of selfdefence’。 boxing is a human bloodsport in which the intention is to hurt one39。s opponents by delivering blows to their body and ultimately knocking them unconscious. It sanctions injury in the name of sport. That said, modern boxing appears almost genteel alongside its prizefighting predecessor in which bareknuckled pugilists fought to exhaustion, with fights often lasting several hours. A round ended only when one batant was floored。 he then had half a minute39。s respite before placing his toe on a line scratched across the centre of the ring and resuming battle. Not until one fighter failed ‘to e up to scratch’ was a result declared: no wins on points in those days, just the objective test of an inability to continue. Early rounds were often hard slogging contests but the real physical damage came in the later stages when tiredness slowed defensive reflexes. Imagine too the state of even the winner39。s hands, protected only by having been soaked in brine. With their bination of boxing and wrestling moves, early contests were literally ‘no holds barred’。 grappling, punching, tripping, and throwing all being used to floor an opponent. The widelyadopted Broughton39。s Rules of 1743 eradicated some of the barbarism by outlawing the hitting of a man when he was down, and the seizing of hair or the body below the waist, but they still permitted butting. Yet it was not the brutality of the prizering which brought its demise, but the corruption with which it became associated. The revival of the sport as boxing in late Victorian Britain saw several changes designed to render it more civilized. Although some of the old practices continued for a while — even the famous Queensbury Rules initially allowed endurance contests — by the turn of the century the general picture was one of boxing in gloves, limitedtime rounds, points decisions after a fixed number of rounds had elapsed, and weight divisions, though the latter have accentuated problems of dehydration as fighters struggle to ‘make the weight’. For much of the twentieth century the history of boxing has been one of crumbling resistance to changes intended to protect further the brains and bodies of participants. Between 1984 and 1993 eight boxers had died soon after fights in the UK。 bantamweight Bradley Stone was added to the list in 1994. Following a report from a medical working party, which included neurosurgeons, the British Boxing Board of Control subsequently introduced mandatory annual magic resonance imaging scans for all boxers to replace the less sophisticated puterized tomography which had been pulsory only for those fighting eight rounds or more. Additionally, any boxer knocked out must wait 45 days (previously 28) before he again enters the ring petitively, and he must also have a hospital check. Ringside doctors may advise referees on a fighter39。s condition between rounds and may remend that the contest be stopped. Doctors also examine each boxer at the conclusion of fights and paramedic teams must be on hand at all boxing bills. The medical profession in several countries has increasingly adopted an antiboxing stance, citing irreversible brain damage as its major objection to the sport. This is a key point for, in absolute terms of deaths and serious injuries, other sports such as horseracing, mountaineering, rugby, and even cricket appear more dangerous, but in none of them is deliber