【正文】 than holding their arms up in return. Most parents of autistic children bee aware of the strangeness of these and other behaviors only gradually. Impairments in social interaction are usually among the earliest symptoms to develop. The most mon social impairment is a kind of indifference to other people, or aloofness, even towards parents and close caregivers. The baby may fail to respond to his or her name being called and may show very little facial expression unless extremely angry, upset, or happy. Babies with autism may resist being touched, and appear to be lost in their own world, far from human interaction. Between seven and 10 months of age, most infants often resist being separated from a parent or wellknown caregiver, but these infants may show no disturbance when picked up by a stranger. Other children with autism may be very passive, although less resistant to efforts by others to interact. However, they do not initiate social interaction themselves. Still others may attempt to engage with adults and peers, but in ways that strike others as inappropriate, or odd. In adolescence and adulthood, some of the higherfunctioning individuals with autistic disorders may appear overly formal and polite. They may react with little spontaneity, as if social interaction doesn39。s condition between rounds and may remend that the contest be stopped. Doctors also examine each boxer at the conclusion of fights and paramedic teams must be on hand at all boxing bills. The medical profession in several countries has increasingly adopted an antiboxing stance, citing irreversible brain damage as its major objection to the sport. This is a key point for, in absolute terms of deaths and serious injuries, other sports such as horseracing, mountaineering, rugby, and even cricket appear more dangerous, but in none of them is deliberate and repeated striking of an opponent part of the rules of the game. In contrast a boxer has a licence for physical assault. The evidence is clear that repeated pummelling to the head can cause cumulative damage to the brain: here time is no great healer. Occasionally, acute brain injury can occur during a fight. The greatest danger es towards the end when a tired man with a loose neck has his head flipped back rapidly by a punch. This can tear a vein outside or inside the brain, which then leaks blood, causing pressure on the brain and eventually leading to a a. Only if the clot is removed rapidly can the fighter survive. Fighters now train harder。s Rules of 1743 eradicated some of the barbarism by outlawing the hitting of a man when he was down, and the seizing of hair or the body below the waist, but they still permitted butting. Yet it was not the brutality of the prizering which brought its demise, but the corruption with which it became associated. The revival of the sport as boxing in late Victorian Britain saw several changes designed to render it more civilized. Although some of the old practices continued for a while — even the famous Queensbury Rules initially allowed endurance contests — by the turn of the century the general picture was one of boxing in gloves, limitedtime rounds, points decisions after a fixed number of rounds had elapsed, and weight divisions, though the latter have accentuated problems of dehydration as fighters struggle to ‘make the weight’. For much of the twentieth century the history of boxing has been one of crumbling resistance to changes intended to protect further the brains and bodies of participants. Between 1984 and 1993 eight boxers had died soon after fights in the UK。s hands, protected only by having been soaked in brine. With their bination of boxing and wrestling moves, early contests were literally ‘no holds barred’。 he then had half a minute39。 boxing is a human bloodsport in which the intention is to hurt one39。 ④ . 對(duì)于搶險(xiǎn)人員、儲(chǔ)備施工人員 20 人左右，其技術(shù)人員保持通信暢通，確保能及時(shí)到位處理突發(fā)事件。 18 ②. 對(duì)擬采用措施的施工設(shè)備，如鉆孔機(jī)、錨桿機(jī)等檢修完畢備放基地，以保證及時(shí)運(yùn)送至現(xiàn)場。 應(yīng)急措施 對(duì)于基坑開挖過程中突發(fā)和偶然因素下發(fā)生的事件，我們首先應(yīng)有所估計(jì)，根據(jù)基坑施工特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合具體工程特點(diǎn)制定可行的預(yù)防措施，以確保施工中不至措手不及，同時(shí)可確?；影踩?。 第十一章 基坑開挖環(huán)境監(jiān)測及應(yīng)急措施 基坑監(jiān)測 因該基坑周邊環(huán)境較好，但是地層較差，為了確保工程順利施工以及基坑安全，該 工程必須制定嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)測方案，采用信息法施工，因基坑監(jiān)測不在本單位施工范圍內(nèi)，故本施工方案略。 ⑥ . 工程完工后，按要求及時(shí)拆除所有工地圍墻、安全防護(hù)設(shè)施和其 17 它臨時(shí)設(shè)施，并將工地及周圍環(huán)境清理整潔，做到工完、料清、場地凈。 ④ . 施工現(xiàn)場內(nèi)道路平整暢通，排 水出口良好，無人作業(yè)的溝、井、坑均加設(shè)護(hù)蓋和安全防護(hù)標(biāo)志或固填整齊。 ② . 施工現(xiàn)場設(shè)置的臨時(shí)設(shè)施，包括辦公室、宿舍、食堂、廁所等建立住地文明、衛(wèi)生、防火、責(zé)任制，按規(guī)定布置防火設(shè)施，并落實(shí)相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人管理。 項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部指派副經(jīng)理主抓文明施工、環(huán)境保護(hù)工作，并實(shí)行責(zé)任承包制，將文明施工和環(huán)境保護(hù)與各作業(yè)組管 理人員工資考核掛鉤。 第十章 文明施工和環(huán)境保護(hù) 工程實(shí)施時(shí)，將嚴(yán)格遵守《建設(shè)工程現(xiàn)場文明施工管理暫行規(guī)定》并積極爭創(chuàng)文明施工工地。 起重作業(yè)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照《建筑機(jī)械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》（ JGJ86） T 《建筑安裝工人安全技術(shù)操作規(guī)定》的要求執(zhí)行。 指揮施工機(jī)械作業(yè)人員，必須站在可讓人瞭望的安全地點(diǎn)，并應(yīng)明確 16 規(guī)定指揮聯(lián)絡(luò)信號(hào)。用手柄起動(dòng)的機(jī)械應(yīng)注意手柄倒轉(zhuǎn)傷人，向機(jī)械加油時(shí)要嚴(yán)禁煙火。嚴(yán)禁酒后操作機(jī)械，嚴(yán)禁機(jī)械帶病運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)或超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 操作人員必須按照本機(jī)說明規(guī)定，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行工作前的檢查制度和工作中注意觀察及工作后的檢查保養(yǎng)制度。 ⑦ . 雨季施工時(shí)，應(yīng)按雨季施工要求進(jìn)行。臨時(shí)用電工程的安裝、維修和拆除，均由經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)并取得上崗證的電工完成，非專業(yè)電工不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行電工作業(yè)。 ④ . 各類房屋、庫棚、料場等消防安全距離應(yīng)符合公安部門的規(guī)定，室內(nèi)不得堆放易燃品。 ② . 現(xiàn)場道路應(yīng)平整、堅(jiān)實(shí)、保持暢通，危險(xiǎn)地點(diǎn)應(yīng)懸掛按照 GB2893— 82 《安全色》和 GB289382 《安全標(biāo)志》規(guī)定的標(biāo)牌，夜間行 人經(jīng)過的坑、洞應(yīng)設(shè)紅燈示警，施工現(xiàn)場設(shè)置大幅安全宣傳標(biāo)語。 ⑦ . 作好勞動(dòng)保護(hù)工作，為所有工作人員提供勞動(dòng)部門規(guī)定的勞保用品。 ⑤ . 做好安全防范工作，落實(shí)各項(xiàng)防洪、 防雷、防暴雨、防大風(fēng)、防火、防煤氣工作，做好用電防范工作。 ③ .大力推行“ FTA ”，人體生理節(jié)律等安全系統(tǒng)工程管理和安全施工目標(biāo)管理技術(shù)，加大施工現(xiàn)場防護(hù)設(shè)施和設(shè)備投入，確保安全生產(chǎn)建立在科學(xué)的管理、可靠的技術(shù)、足夠的防護(hù)設(shè)施之上。 安全保證措施 ① . 堅(jiān)持“安全第一，預(yù)防為主”的方針，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理要把安全工作當(dāng)作第一位工作來抓，加強(qiáng)全員安全意識(shí)教育，夯實(shí)安全基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)化安全保證體系，落實(shí)安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行安全規(guī)程，認(rèn) 真落實(shí)檢查制度，建立安全獎(jiǎng)罰，有效控制施工安全。要加強(qiáng)與交通、供電、供水、環(huán)保