【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 d tons Ten thousand tons % 2021 2021 1566 2021 1562 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 Note: Data from the State Environmental Protection Administration. 二氧化硫的排放直接 導(dǎo)致“酸雨”的形成 。 目前 ，我國 酸雨區(qū)占國土面積的30%，主要集中在長江以南，四川省、云南省以東的區(qū)域，包括浙江省、江西省、湖南省、福建省、重慶市的大部分地區(qū)以及長三角和珠三角地區(qū)，見圖 1：全國降水 pH 年均等值線圖 。 此外， 根據(jù) 《 2021 年國家環(huán)境公報(bào) 》 ， 酸雨發(fā)生頻率比較高。在 500 個(gè)監(jiān)測的城市（縣）中，出現(xiàn)酸雨的城市 281 個(gè)，占 %；酸雨發(fā)生頻率在 25%以上的城市 171 個(gè)，占 %；酸雨發(fā)生頻率 75%以上的城市65 個(gè)，占 %。 SO2 emission directly causes “acid rain”. At present, China’s acid rainplagued area covers 30 percent of the national territory, mainly in the area south of the Yangtze River and east of Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province, including much of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian Province, Chongqing Municipality, as well as Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, see Figure 1: National precipitation pH average annual isoline map. In addition, according to 2021 National Environmental Bulletin, the frequency of acid rain is relatively high. Among the 500 cities (counties) under monitoring, 281 cities, or percent of the total, had acid rain。 171 cities’ frequency of acid rain is higher than 25 percent, accounting for percent。 65 ones higher than 75 percent, accounting for percent. 圖 1： 2021 年 全國降水 pH 年均等值線圖 Figure 1: National precipitation pH average annual isoline map in 2021 在 NOx 排放 方面，排放量也在逐年增加。 在 1999 年 ~2021 年的六年中 ， 火電廠 NOx 排放總量增加了 235. 7萬 噸。 2021年全國 NOX氣體的排放總量為 萬噸。 The emission of NOx also witnesses a yearbyyear increase. From 1999 to 2021, the NOx emission from the power plant has increased by million tons. The country’s total emission of NOx reached million tons in 2021. 綜上，中國的煤炭 燃燒 已經(jīng)造成嚴(yán)重 的環(huán)境 污染 ， 國家 非常重視 對(duì) 二氧化硫及 氮氧化物排放 總量及 增長趨勢 的控制 ，在 《國家酸雨和二氧化硫污染防治“十一五”規(guī)劃》 中 ， 明確 提出將 以燃煤電廠脫硫工程為主的工業(yè)二氧化硫治理工程為工作重點(diǎn)之一 。 發(fā)展清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè)可以更好的 控制二氧化硫和氮氧化物 等 排放 所引起的污染 。 In conclusion, China’s coal burning has caused serious environmental pollution. The state attaches great importance to control the total emission and increase trend of SO2 and NOx. In The 11th FiveYear Plan for Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Pollution Control, it is clearly pointed out that industrial SO2 pollution treatment project based on desulfurization of coalfired power plant should be among one of the top priorities. The development of clean coal industry allows much more control over the pollution caused by SO2 and NOx emission. 應(yīng)對(duì) 氣候變化 需要發(fā)展 清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè) Addressing Climate Change Calls for the Development of Clean Coal Industry 二氧化碳作為最主要的一種溫室氣體（占排放總量的 80%以上）主要來源于 煤炭等 化石燃料的燃燒，與 能源 的生產(chǎn)與利用密切相關(guān)。 自工業(yè)化時(shí)代以來，由于人類活動(dòng)已引起全球 溫室氣體排放增加，其中 大氣層中二氧化碳的含量 在1970 年至 2021 年期間增加了 70%。 Carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas (accounting for more than 80 percent of emissions) ing mainly from bustion of fossil fuels such as coal, is closely related to energy production and use. Since the industrialization times, human activity had caused an increase of global greenhouse gas emission, with a rise of 70 percent in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere from 19702021. 為了應(yīng)對(duì)和減緩氣候變化， 1992 年 在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的聯(lián)合國環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會(huì)上 ， 150 多個(gè)國家共同制定了《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》。 1997 年又簽署了《京都議定書》，《京都議定書》規(guī)定附件 B 中的 38 個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家必須履行溫室氣體減排義務(wù)，在 20212021 年 間將該國 溫室 氣體 排放量降至 1990 年水 平再減 %。 In order to respond to and mitigate climate change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was formulated by more than 150 countries on the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. In 1997, Kyoto Protocol was sighed, which stipulated that 38 developed countries in Appendix B must fulfill their obligations of reducing greenhouse gas emission. During 20212021, the country greenhouse gas emission reduces to the level of 1990, with another reduction of %. 雖然在《京都議定書》中中國不履行減排義務(wù)，但 2021 年中國二氧化碳的排放量已經(jīng)達(dá)到 27 億噸，位居世界第二，僅次于美國 28 億噸。由于中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度較快，二氧化碳排放量的增速也快，十五期間中國的二氧化碳排放總量每年以 4%的速度增加，有專家預(yù)測在 2021 年后中國的二氧化碳排放量將會(huì)超過美國而位居世界第一。 China makes no mitments to cutting carbon emissions according to Kyoto Protocol. With billion tons emission in 2021, however, it has bee the world’s second largest carbon dioxide emitter, only to United States with billion tons. China’s economy develops fast, so does its carbon dioxide emission, presenting an annual growth rate of 4 percent during the 10th FiveYear Plan period. Some experts have predicted that China will overtake the . as the largest emitter in the world by 2021. 根據(jù) 2021 年底 達(dá)成的 《巴厘島路線圖》 ，所有國家都負(fù)有 “ 共同而有區(qū)別的責(zé)任 ” ，即發(fā)達(dá)國家將承擔(dān)起量化減排責(zé)任，而 包括中國在內(nèi)的 發(fā)展中國家雖然不必承諾量化減排，但也要積極采取措施控制排放 量的 增加乃至減排。 Based on Bali road map passed at the end of 2021, all countries have “mon but differentiated responsibilities”, that is, developed countries should meet their responsbilities to reduce quantified emission, and developing countries with no reduction mitment, including China, should also take active measures to control emission increase and even to reduce emission. 面對(duì)國際氣候變化的談判壓力，中國已經(jīng)開始積極采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。2021 年 6 月國家發(fā)改委 發(fā)布了《中國應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案》， 確定能源生產(chǎn)和轉(zhuǎn)化領(lǐng)域?yàn)闇p排溫室氣體的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域之一， 強(qiáng)化清潔、低碳能源開發(fā)和利用的鼓勵(lì)政策 ，加強(qiáng) 煤的清潔高效開發(fā)和利用技術(shù) 。同月科技部聯(lián)合國家發(fā)改委、外交部等發(fā)布了《 中國應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化科技專項(xiàng)行動(dòng) 》，在技術(shù)開發(fā)上提出 煤的清潔高效開發(fā)利用技術(shù) ， 二氧化碳捕集、利用與封存技術(shù)等。 發(fā)展清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè) 將會(huì)有力促進(jìn)中國的 二氧化碳減排。 Under the pressure of the international climate change negotiations, China has begun taking positive measures to address climate change. In June 2021, National Development and Reform Commission issued the China National Plan for Coping with Climate Change, which identifed the area of energy production and conversion as one of key areas of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by strengthening incentives devised for exploitation and utilization of clean, lowcarbon energy, and enhancing technology of clean and efficient exploitation and utilization of coal. The same month, Ministry of Science and Technology, United Nations Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Fo