【正文】 cts: ? 煤炭的深加 工有所進步，煤炭入洗比重逐年提高； ? 工業(yè)型煤和水煤漿技術開發(fā)和應用開始起步，已有示范性項目投入使用； ? 煤炭氣化技術已比較成熟，煤氣已成為城市民用燃料的重要組成部分； ? 正在進行煤炭液化的性能和工藝條件試驗，以及煤炭液化商業(yè)性示范廠的可行性研究。 Under the pressure of the international climate change negotiations, China has begun taking positive measures to address climate change. In June 2021, National Development and Reform Commission issued the China National Plan for Coping with Climate Change, which identifed the area of energy production and conversion as one of key areas of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by strengthening incentives devised for exploitation and utilization of clean, lowcarbon energy, and enhancing technology of clean and efficient exploitation and utilization of coal. The same month, Ministry of Science and Technology, United Nations Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs jointly issued China Initiates a Special SciTech Campaign to Cope with Climate Changes, which put forward the technology of clean and efficient exploitation and utilization of coal, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage technology in terms of technology development . The development of clean coal industry in China will greatly promote the carbon emission reduction. 國內(nèi) 清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 Development Status of China’s Clean Coal Industry 潔凈煤技術 （也叫潔凈煤技術） 是指在煤炭開發(fā)和加工利用全過程中，旨在減少污染與提高利用效率而加工、燃燒、轉(zhuǎn)換及污染控制等技術的總稱，是使煤作為一種能源達到最大限度潛能的利用而釋放的污染應控制的最低水平。同月科技部聯(lián)合國家發(fā)改委、外交部等發(fā)布了《 中國應對氣候變化科技專項行動 》，在技術開發(fā)上提出 煤的清潔高效開發(fā)利用技術 ， 二氧化碳捕集、利用與封存技術等。 Based on Bali road map passed at the end of 2021, all countries have “mon but differentiated responsibilities”, that is, developed countries should meet their responsbilities to reduce quantified emission, and developing countries with no reduction mitment, including China, should also take active measures to control emission increase and even to reduce emission. 面對國際氣候變化的談判壓力，中國已經(jīng)開始積極采取措施應對氣候變化。由于中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度較快，二氧化碳排放量的增速也快，十五期間中國的二氧化碳排放總量每年以 4%的速度增加，有專家預測在 2021 年后中國的二氧化碳排放量將會超過美國而位居世界第一。 1997 年又簽署了《京都議定書》，《京都議定書》規(guī)定附件 B 中的 38 個發(fā)達國家必須履行溫室氣體減排義務，在 20212021 年 間將該國 溫室 氣體 排放量降至 1990 年水 平再減 %。 自工業(yè)化時代以來，由于人類活動已引起全球 溫室氣體排放增加，其中 大氣層中二氧化碳的含量 在1970 年至 2021 年期間增加了 70%。 發(fā)展清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè)可以更好的 控制二氧化硫和氮氧化物 等 排放 所引起的污染 。 2021年全國 NOX氣體的排放總量為 萬噸。 65 ones higher than 75 percent, accounting for percent. 圖 1： 2021 年 全國降水 pH 年均等值線圖 Figure 1: National precipitation pH average annual isoline map in 2021 在 NOx 排放 方面，排放量也在逐年增加。 SO2 emission directly causes “acid rain”. At present, China’s acid rainplagued area covers 30 percent of the national territory, mainly in the area south of the Yangtze River and east of Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province, including much of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian Province, Chongqing Municipality, as well as Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, see Figure 1: National precipitation pH average annual isoline map. In addition, according to 2021 National Environmental Bulletin, the frequency of acid rain is relatively high. Among the 500 cities (counties) under monitoring, 281 cities, or percent of the total, had acid rain。 此外， 根據(jù) 《 2021 年國家環(huán)境公報 》 ， 酸雨發(fā)生頻率比較高。s power construction, bustion of fossil fuels such as coal leads to great amount of SOX、 NOX, and other gas emissions, causing serious air pollution. According to data from the State Environmental Protection Administration (Table 2), from 2021 to 2021, the national sulfur dioxide emission has increased by million tons, with a growth rate of percent. From 2021 to 2021, sulfur dioxide emission from industry has increased by million tons, with a growth rate of percent. As can be seen from the table below that the proportion of industrial emissions increased year by year. Table 2: 20212021 China’s total emission of SO2 and industrial SO2 emission 表 2： 20212021 年全國 SO2 排放總量 和 工業(yè) SO2 排放 情況 年份 SO2 排放總量 工業(yè) SO2 排放總量 工業(yè)排放比例 萬噸 萬噸 % 2021 2021 1566 2021 1562 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 注：數(shù)據(jù)來源于國家環(huán)?？偩? Year SO2 Total Emission Industrial SO2 Total Emission Industrial Emission Rate Ten thousand tons Ten thousand tons % 2021 2021 1566 2021 1562 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 Note: Data from the State Environmental Protection Administration. 二氧化硫的排放直接 導致“酸雨”的形成 。 從表上 還可以 看出 近 幾年工業(yè)排放 量所占比例 逐年提高 。s energy data. 中國 環(huán)境 改善 需要清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè) China’s Environmental Improvement Needs the Development of Clean Coal Industry 20 世紀 80 年代中期以后 ， 隨著我國電力建設的迅速發(fā)展 ，煤炭等化石燃料燃燒導致大量的 SOX、 NOX等氣體的排放，造成了 大氣污染嚴重。s average GDP growth rate is expected to be percent, and coal consumption will maintain rapid growth. However, for coal is nonrenewable energy whose reserves are limited, the utilization rate of coal resources urgently needs to be enhanced for sustainable development of the coal industry. Therefore, great efforts should be made to promote clean coal industry. Table 1: 2021 ~ 2021 China’s GDP, coal consumption and coal reserves 表 1： 2021~2021 年中國 GDP、煤炭消耗量和煤炭存儲量 年份 GDP 煤炭消耗 煤炭儲存 億元 增長（ %） 億噸 增長（ %） 億噸 儲 /采比 2021 89404 8 2021 95933 2021 102398 8 2021 116694 2021 136515 1145 59 2021 182321 1145 52 2021 209407 1145 48 2021 246619 1145 45 注： GDP 和煤炭消耗數(shù)量來源于國家統(tǒng)計局，煤炭存儲量來源于世界能源數(shù)據(jù)。 煤炭 產(chǎn)業(yè) 的可持續(xù) 發(fā)展 ， 亟待 提高煤炭的資源利用率， 為此，需要大力促進 清潔煤產(chǎn)業(yè)的 發(fā)展。根據(jù)《 國家 國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十一個五 年 規(guī)劃》，十一五期間，中國 GDP 平均增長速度為 %，煤炭的消耗 將 繼續(xù)保持高速增長。 中國清潔煤發(fā)展促進基金 可行性研究報告 China Clean Coal Development Promotion Fund Feasibility Study 提交給： 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署（ UNDP） Submitted to: United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 提交單位： 中國國際跨國公司研究會 （ CIIMC） Submitted by: China International Institute of Multinational Corporations (CIIMC) 日期： 2021 年 10 月 15 日 Data： October 15, 2021 目錄 ................................