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解析:句意:當他意識到自己走進了深谷之后,他非常害怕以至于不知道做什么。 由語境可知,walk into a deep valley的動作先于realize的動作發(fā)生,故用過去完成時had walked。三、根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的邏輯關系確定動詞的語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動關系外,還有特殊用法,如主動形式表被動意義。除此之外,還要考慮主謂一致問題?!镜淅俊ater,Nelson __ was awarded__ (award)the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.解析: 句意:后來納爾遜被授予總統(tǒng)自由勛章,以表彰他的工作。句中的時間狀語Later表明這里敘述的是過去的動作,提示此處應用一般過去時;Nelson與award為動賓關系,應用被動語態(tài);且主語為Nelson,謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was awarded。四、根據(jù)固定句式確定動詞時態(tài) 英語中有一些句式的時態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類句式,考生應注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。1.It is the first/second/...time that sb. have/has done...2.It was the first/second/...time that sb.had done...3.Sb.was doing sth.when...did...4.Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...did...5.Sb.was about to do sth.when...did...6.It39。s(high)time that sb.did sth./should do sth.【典例】 One day,I __was walking__ (walk)from classroom across campus to catch my bus home when an old man came down the Sidewalk toward me.解析:句意:一天,我正從教室出來穿過校園去趕回家的公共汽車,突然一個老人沿著人行道朝我走來。由語境可知,本句使用了句型“be (was/were) doing sth.when...”表示“正在做某事,這時突然……”,when后的并列分句用一般過去時,故本空填提示動詞的過去進行時was walking表示過去正在發(fā)生的動作。 易錯聚焦 1.中式英語比比皆是2.句子沒有謂語動詞或一個句子中出現(xiàn)多個謂語3.動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及系動詞be的亂用達標檢測 Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2020新高考卷)The parts of a museum open to the public __are called__ (call) galleries or rooms. 解析:考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀事實,應使用一般現(xiàn)在時;主語與call是邏輯動賓關系,應使用被動語態(tài),且主語是復數(shù)概念。故填are called。2.(2020新課標卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang39。e 4 probe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—__touched__ (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin. 解析:考查時態(tài)。句意:無人月球探測器嫦娥四號——名字的靈感來源于古代的中國月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語,根據(jù)時間狀語last week可知應使用一般過去時。故填touched。3.(2020新課標卷Ⅰ)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __is constructed__ (construct).”解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及主謂一致。句意:“這真的使科學家們激動,”布朗大學的一位科學家Carle Pieters說:“因為它意味著我們有機會獲得月球是如何構造的信息。”分析句子可知,此處是賓語從句謂語動詞,謂語construct與主語the moon之間是被動關系,應使用被動語態(tài);再由上下文可知此處應使用一般現(xiàn)在時;主語the moon是單數(shù)。故填is constructed。4.(2020新課標卷Ⅲ)The artist was sure he would__be chosen__ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor39。s chief minister, the old man laughed.解析:考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:畫家確信他會被選中,但是當他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時,這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構成被動關系,且would后跟動詞原形。故填be chosen。5.(2020新課標卷Ⅲ)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and __pointed__ (point) down the river. 解析:考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應用一般過去時。故填pointed。6.(2020浙江卷)And, as more children were born, more food __was needed__(need).解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:隨著越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間表示被動邏輯。同時此處描述的是過去的時間,所以時態(tài)應用過去時。故此處應用過去時的被動語態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。7.(2020浙江卷)Then, with the rise of science, changes began. New methods __meant__ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. 解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子,主句部分無其他動詞,故此處需填時態(tài)。文章的整體時態(tài)是過去時,根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則此處也應為過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關系。所以此處填過去時的主動形式。故填meant。8.(2020天津卷改編)—You are a great swimmer.—Thanks. It39。s because I __have been practising__(practise)a lot these days.解析:考查時態(tài)。句意:——你游泳很棒?!x謝。這是因為這些天我一直在練習。根據(jù)時間狀語these days(這些天)可知,“練習游泳”從數(shù)天前開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,因此該句應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。故填have been practising。9.(2020江蘇卷改編)Instead of getting down to a new task as I __had expected__(expect), he examined the previous work again.解析:考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:他沒有像我所期望的那樣著手做新工作,而是又檢查了一遍以前的工作。此處描述的動作發(fā)生在examined之前,屬于“過去的過去”,應使用過去完成時。故填 had expected。10.(2019全國卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __have reported__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 解析:考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)其前時間狀語in recent years和主語people可知,空格處為現(xiàn)在完成時。故填have reported。11. (2019全國Ⅱ卷)I don39。t see any reason to give up work. I love ing here and seeing my family and all the friends I __have made__ (make) over the years.解析:over the years常與完成時連用,在此意為“(從過去某時到現(xiàn)在的)多年來”。根據(jù)主句謂語動詞love的時態(tài)可知,定語從句的謂語動詞make應用現(xiàn)在完成式。12.(2019全國Ⅱ卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene __declared__ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business. 解析:考查謂語動詞。根據(jù)上下文可知,該句主語為Irene,此處為謂語成分,根據(jù)后文had可知用一般過去時態(tài)。故填declared。13.(2019全國III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __remended__ (remend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. 解析:考查一般過去時態(tài)。句意:我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?!癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“remended”是并列關系,時態(tài)一致。故填remended。14.(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody __will have/has__ (have) to worry about fashion(時尚). 解析:考查時態(tài)。句意:當每個學生在校穿校服時,沒有人會擔心時尚問題。本句是when引導的時間狀語從句,遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則,因此,主句可以使用將來時will do;根據(jù)語境可知,本文敘述的是客觀事實,因此,本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是nobody,謂語用has。故填will have/has。15.(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students39。 grades __improved__ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析:考查時態(tài)。句意:美國的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在學校引入校服后,學生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導的時間狀語從句,前后時態(tài)保持一致,從句應使用一般過去時,主句用一般過去