【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 read aloud every morning．(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，that在從句中不作成分，但不可省略)　　解題策略 策略一　根據(jù)從句所缺成分來確定關(guān)系詞1．如果先行詞指人，定語從句中缺少主語，限制性定語從句中用who/that；非限制性定語從句中用who。2．如果先行詞指人，定語從句中缺少賓語，限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定語從句中用whom；缺少表語，限制性定語從句用that；非限制性定語從句用who。3．如果先行詞指物，定語從句中缺少主語或賓語，限制性定語從句中用which/that；非限制性定語從句中用which；缺少表語，限制性定語從句用that；非限制性定語從句用which。4．如果先行詞指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)，定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語，定語從句中用when/where；如果從句中缺少的是主語或賓語，則用that/which。5．不論先行詞指人還是物，只要關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語就用whose。6．如果先行詞指人，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的關(guān)系詞用whom；如果先行詞指物，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的關(guān)系詞用which。策略二　巧用固定結(jié)構(gòu)選用關(guān)系詞當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)such，the same等或行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，就可考慮關(guān)系詞as的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如such．．．a(chǎn)s．．．，the same．．．a(chǎn)s．．．，as is known，as is expected。但還要注意看定語從句是否缺主語、賓語或表語，如果不缺這三種句子成分，則不用as?！镜淅俊hose houses are sold at such a low price __as__ people expected．解析：本空應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作expected的賓語；空處所填詞與前面的such構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)such．．．a(chǎn)s．．．，表示“像……那樣的……”，因此這里用as引導(dǎo)定語從句?！　∫族e(cuò)聚焦 (一)定語從句意識缺失1．關(guān)系代詞被普通代詞取代(誤)I have many collections of stamps, some of them are my favorite．(正)I have many collections of stamps, some of which are my favorite．2．關(guān)系代詞遺漏(誤)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows．(正)The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows．第一句從漢語意思角度是對的，但是漢語的干擾破壞了英語句式結(jié)構(gòu)。(二)假冒偽劣的定語從句1．有從無主式(誤)my friend Jane, who is very friendly to us classmates．(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates．(正)My friend Jane, who is very friendly to us classmates, has a variety of hobbies．第一句虎頭蛇尾，屬于有從無主式的句子，即有從句但沒有主句。2．畫蛇添足式(誤)As can be seen from the picture, that a sad boy stands between his angry parents．(誤)As can be seen from the picture, a man who is talking happily．(誤)I have many collections of stamps, and some of which are my favorite．第一句中關(guān)系代詞as代替逗號后面的整個(gè)主句，因此主句是不需要連接詞的。所以應(yīng)去掉that。第二句中同樣as代替逗號后面的整個(gè)主句，主句中的who是多余的。第三句中如果要滿足定語從句的話，顯然并列連詞and是多余的。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測 Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．(2020新高考卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __which/that__ opened in 1759．解析：考查定語從句。句意：例如，漢斯斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是the British Museum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。2．(2020天津卷改編)Dr． Rowan, __whose__ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing．解析：考查定語從句。句意：羅文博士的秘書兩周前辭職了，他現(xiàn)在只能自己打字。________ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定語從句，修飾Dr． Rowan，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，表示“Dr． Rowan39。s”，表示“……的”，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該從句。故填whose。3．(2020江蘇卷改編)Many lessons are now available online, from __which__ students can choose for free．解析：考查定語從句。句意：許多課程現(xiàn)在都可以在網(wǎng)上找到，學(xué)生們可以從中免費(fèi)選擇。此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞是many lessons，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞from的賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。4．(2020新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist __whose__ paintings were almost lifelike．解析：考查定語從句。句意：中國古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。5．(2019新課標(biāo)III卷)They were well trained by their masters __who__ had great experience with caring for these animals．解析：考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters(主人)，且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。6．(2019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __that/which__gives off light in the dark．解析：考查定語從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。7．(2019北京卷)The students benefiting most from college are those __who__ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life．解析：考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。________ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life．是定語從句