【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 f California in San Francisco have found where that soundediting process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (聽覺皮層) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. ”現(xiàn)在，加州大學(xué)舊金山分校（University of California in San Francisco）的科學(xué)家找到了這種聲音編輯過程在大腦中發(fā)生的位置──在耳朵后面的聽覺皮層，而不是大腦的高級思維區(qū)域?？芍诘竭_更高的大腦之前，聲音已經(jīng)被整理出來了，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren39。t very good at multitaskingour brains are wired for ‘selective attention’ and can focus on only one thing at a time. ”這些上月發(fā)布在《自然》期刊上的研究結(jié)果強調(diào)了為何人們不是很擅長處理多任務(wù)──我們的大腦有“選擇性注意”機制，一次只能專注于一件事?？芍覀冊谏砩蠠o法同時處理多項任務(wù)。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Many of those accidents are due to ‘inattentional blindness’, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren39。t focusing on.”可知，D項A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing.“一個行人因低頭族而發(fā)生車禍?！笔且粋€“inattentional blindness”的例子。故選D。（4）考查目的意圖。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. ”有人可以訓(xùn)練自己對重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察學(xué)習(xí)掃描人群的面孔，以及樂團指揮可以在整個樂團中聽到每件樂器的聲音。專家說，更多的人則是自以為可以有效地處理多任務(wù)，但他們其實是在兩件事之間迅速轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，而并沒有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中?？芍疚牡哪康氖恰皺z查和評估”，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和目標(biāo)意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行討論推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universelife probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way. As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist. Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去) all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere。 a larger one would hold too much of it. Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify. Finally, life could evolve(進化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away. If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets。 they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out. This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.（1）The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT . right amount of atmosphere own solar system heat and light right distance from the sun（2）Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? planet must be as big and heavy as the earth. conditions are essential to the existence of life. stars can provide steady light and heat. distance between a planet and its sun should be right.（3）What kind of planet might NOT support life? of the planets of the stars. similar to our sun. similar to the earth. with proper conditions.（4）At the end of the passage the author suggests that . is impossible for life to exist on planets life could only exist on a few planets could exist on only one planet in a million could exist on a great number of planets【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，整個宇宙都是由同一種物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，物質(zhì)在宇宙的每一部分都遵循同樣的規(guī)律。因此，我們有理由猜測，其他恒星，以及它們自己的行星，都是以與我們太陽系相同的方式誕生的。我們對地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件，生命就會出現(xiàn)。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere”；第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light.”以及第五段中“Finally, life could evolve(進化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun”可知，生命的進化需要適當(dāng)數(shù)量和種類的大氣、穩(wěn)定的光和熱供應(yīng)以及行星與太陽的距離恰到好處。文章中沒有提到生命的進化需要太陽系。故選B。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知，生命也需要穩(wěn)定的光和熱供應(yīng)。這就排除了雙星，或突然爆發(fā)的恒星。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets。 they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet.”可知，大部分行星都不能維持生命，因為他們要么離太陽太近，要么離太陽太遠，要么與地球大小和重量不一樣，而且適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件也并不一定意味著生命確實。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.”可知， 然而，即使生命可能只存在于百萬分之一的行星上，但仍有數(shù)十億的行星可能存在生命。可知，生命可能在許多星球存在。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Amazon Best Sellers: Best Books A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and LeadershipApril 17, 2018by James Comey In his book, former FBI director James Comey shares his neverbeforetold experiences from some of the highestrisk situations of his career in the past two decades of American government, exploring what good, ethical（道德的）leadership looks like, and how it drives sound decisions. His j