【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，用排除法縮小范圍）常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說(shuō)明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索：設(shè)題形式：給出圖表，根據(jù)圖表提問(wèn)問(wèn)題。4. 數(shù)字計(jì)算題→（方法：審題→帶著問(wèn)題找細(xì)節(jié)→對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算）可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，但需經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算方可找到答案。4．閱讀理解 It39。s 3 o39。clock and you39。ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn39。t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works pare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷爾蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more plex. It activates (使活躍) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drugcraving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach. （1）What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To remind readers of their own special food.B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.C.To report the discovery of craving study.D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving? A.It shows food is linked to feelings.B.It ensures a person survives hunger.C.It means the stomach functions well.D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.（3）What39。s the likely result of dieting? A.The decrease of chemicals.B.The increase of food desire.C.The refusal of fat and sugar.D.The disappearance of appetite.（4）What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The functions of brain areas.B.What hunger is all about.C.The findings of food craving.D.What dieting may bring us.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文，主要談?wù)擄嬍硾_動(dòng)的調(diào)查結(jié)果。食物與情感有關(guān)系，節(jié)食的結(jié)果會(huì)導(dǎo)致食物欲望的增加。(1)目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are ，第一段是為了引導(dǎo)整篇文章的話題。故答案選D。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are ，食物與情感有關(guān)系。故答案選A。(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that“dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food ，節(jié)食的結(jié)果會(huì)導(dǎo)致食物欲望的增加。故答案選B。(4)主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your 。故答案選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】說(shuō)明文主題和文章大意的技巧：應(yīng)對(duì)文章主題和中心大意考題時(shí)，尋找和發(fā)現(xiàn)文章主題句就是關(guān)鍵。這個(gè)主題句一般具有如下特點(diǎn)：①表達(dá)的意思比較概括。②句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，不采用長(zhǎng)句、難句的形式。③段落的其他句子必定是用來(lái)解釋或發(fā)揮主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想的。④主題句的位置除個(gè)別情況下是在文中的句子，大多數(shù)情況下，主題句往往是在段首和段尾。所以，在閱讀文章時(shí)，要特別注意文章的首段、首句和末句。5．閱讀理解 Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1978, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14,400 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to pletely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifetime greatly. The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It39。s a munity in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is plete, and electrical and plumbing (管道裝置) lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered by concrete—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17176。C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside. The village is the brainchild (主意) of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process. The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter. Recycled bottles could neutralize the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”. （1）What does Paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A.The reason for buying fewer drinks.B.The difficult situation of wildlife.C.The amount of plastic waste.D.The seriousness of plastic pollution.（2）What is the biggest benefit to people living in the Plastic Bottle Village? A.The house will be much cooler than normal ones.