【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 人們對(duì)動(dòng)物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。第五和第六段呼吁讀者：動(dòng)物有自己的情感和思想，我們不要只將動(dòng)物當(dāng)成我們的食物。結(jié)合每段大意可知，該文主要是圍繞動(dòng)物也有情感有思想來(lái)展開(kāi)的。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷。段落大意和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase, many plants may be unable to cope. But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to “sweat” when other essential processes stop, a new study finds. As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize (光合作用), they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration(蒸騰), which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation(蒸發(fā)). But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees39。 conditions in their natural environment, little is known about how individual species handle this situation. Ecologist John Drake of the . College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large, climatecontrolled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld (扣留) water from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a fourday “extreme” heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods（three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones）— to 44 degrees ℃. Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers39。 surprise, these trees continued to transpire at closetonormal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology. The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought (干旱) were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says. Other scientists call the finding encouraging. “It39。s definitely good news,” says Trevor Keenan, an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study. “It would be very interesting to know how this translates to other species,” he adds. Drake hopes to conduct similar experiments with trees mon in North America.（1）How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves? A.By releasing water.B.By blocking sunlight.C.By absorbing groundwater.D.By reducing photosynthesis.（2）What did the researchers do during their study? A.They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures.B.They induced a heat wave in a dozen pods of trees.C.They created climatecontrolled surroundings for trees.D.They varied trees39。 conditions in their natural environment.（3）The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A.continuedB.substitutedC.strengthenedD.ceased（4）What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A.Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat.B.No further experiments will be done other species.C.Other species will be transplanted to North America.D.Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)與林業(yè)學(xué)院的生態(tài)學(xué)家John Drake和他的同事們通過(guò)對(duì)紅桉樹(shù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)，得出結(jié)論：在極度的高溫中，紅桉樹(shù)仍然可以通過(guò)釋放水分來(lái)抵抗熱浪，獲得生存。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to 39。sweat’”可知，桉樹(shù)通過(guò)“流汗”，即釋放水分來(lái)抵抗極度的熱，故選A。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ecologist John Drake… and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum … trees in large, climatecontrolled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia.”可知，研究者們將12棵紅桉樹(shù)種植在巨大的，氣候受控制的塑料艙里，這種塑料倉(cāng)將這些樹(shù)和周?chē)纳址蛛x開(kāi)來(lái)?？芍芯空邆?yōu)檫@些樹(shù)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)氣候受控制的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，故選C。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis”可知，極度的高溫會(huì)減少光合作用。由第四段后面的內(nèi)容可知，令研究者們驚訝的是，面對(duì)著人工制造出來(lái)的熱浪，這些樹(shù)繼續(xù)以接近正常的水平蒸發(fā)，有效地使自己和周?chē)沫h(huán)境涼爽下來(lái)。結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn)可以推知，面對(duì)人工制造出來(lái)的熱浪，光合作用應(yīng)該是大大減少，但這并沒(méi)有影響樹(shù)木的蒸發(fā)。劃線部分意思應(yīng)當(dāng)接近于“大大減少，降低”這一類(lèi)的意思cease意為“停止”，故選D。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought （干旱）were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.”可知，這些樹(shù)擅長(zhǎng)吸取地下水，如果熱浪干旱同時(shí)發(fā)生，地下水枯竭的話，那么這些樹(shù)生存的可能性就比較小了。由此可以推知，地下水幫助這些樹(shù)存活下來(lái)。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 It was the men39。s skating finals of the Winter Olympics when I was 16. Someday I39。d be in the Olympics. In fact, it was my dream. That night I lay on our living room floor excitedly watching the battle between the Brians: American Brian Boitano facing Brian Orser in Canada. Both of them had been world champions. Both of them deserved to win. Naturally I was for Brian Boitano, a northern Californian like me. We had skated on the same ice. I held my breath in amazement. Boitano performed successfully. The gold medal! I jumped in the air when his score went up. But what happened next is what I39。ll never forget. Brian Boitano sat in front of the camera