【正文】 ee on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, which was chartered in May 20xx to foster interagency coordination, to provide technical and policy advice on topics related to AI, and to monitor the development of AI technologies across industry, the research munity, and the Federal Government. The report was reviewed by the NSTC Committee on Technology, which concurred with its contents. The report follows a series of publicoutreach activities spearheaded by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in 20xx, which included five public workshops cohosted with universities and other associations that are referenced in this report. OSTP also published a Request for Information (RFI) in June 20xx, which received 161 responses. The submitted ments were published by OSTP on September 6, 20xx. Consistent with the role of Big Data as an enabler of AI, this report builds on three previous Administration reports on Big Data referenced in this report. In the ing years, AI will continue to contribute to economic growth and will be a valuable tool for improving the world, as long as industry, civil society, and government work together to develop the positive aspects of the technology, manage its risks and challenges, and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to help in building an AIenhanced society and to participate in its benefits. Sincerely, John P. Holdren Megan Smith Assistant to the President for Science and Technology . Chief Technology Officer Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy Chair John P. Holdre n National Science and Technology Council Staff Afua Bruce Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy Executive Director Office of Science and Technology Policy CoChair Ed Felten Submittee on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Executive Secretary Terah Lyons Deputy . Chief Technology Officer Office of Science and Technology Policy CoChair Michael Garris Senior Scientist National Institute of Standards and Technology . Department of Commerce Policy Advisor to the . Chief Technology Officer Office of Science and Technology Policy The following Federal departments and agencies are represented on the Submittee on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence and through it, work together to monitor the state of the art in machine learning (ML) and AI (within the Federal Government, in the private sector, and internationally), to watch for the arrival of important technology milestones in the development of AI, to coordinate the use of and foster the sharing of knowledge and best practices about ML and AI by the Federal Government, and to consult in the development of Federal research and development priorities in AI: Department of Commerce (CoChair) Department of Defense Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs United States Agency for International Development Central Intelligence Agency General Services Administration National Science Foundation National Security Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of the Director of National Intelligence Social Security Administration The following offices of the Executive Office of the President are also represented on the Submittee: Council of Economic Advisers Domestic Policy Council Office of Management and Budget Office of Science and Technology Policy (Co Chair) Office of the Vice President National Economic Council National Security Council PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 A Brief History of AI ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 What is Artificial Intelligence? ........................................................................................................................................... 6 The Current State of AI ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Public Outreach and Development of this Report ..............................................................................................................12 Applications of AI for Public Good ........................................................................................................................................13 AI in the Federal Government ................................................................................................................................................15 AI and Regulation .......................................................................................................................................................................17 Case Study: Autonomous Vehicles and Aircraft ...........................................................................................................18 Research and Workforce ........................................................................................................