【正文】 D and harness AI for good, while also addressing shared challenges. Today‘s AI has important applications in cybersecurity, and is expected to play an increasing role for both defensive and offensive cyber measures. Currently, designing and operating secure systems requires significant time and attention from experts. Automating this expert work partially or entirely may increase security across a much broader range of systems and applications at dramatically lower cost, and could increase the agility of the Nation‘s cyberdefenses. Using AI may help maintain the rapid response required to detect and react to the landscape of evolving threats. Challenging issues are raised by the potential use of AI in weapon systems. The United States has incorporated autonomy in certain weapon systems for decades, allowing for greater precision in the use of weapons and safer, more humane military operations. Noheless, moving away from direct human control of weapon systems involves some risks and can raise legal and ethical questions. The key to incorporating autonomous and semiautonomous weapon systems into American defense planning is to ensure that . Government entities are always acting in accordance with international humanitarian law, taking appropriate steps to control proliferation, and working with partners and Allies to develop standards related to the development and use of such weapon systems. The United States has actively participated in ongoing international discussion on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems, and anticipates continued robust international discussion of these potential weapon systems. Agencies across the . Government are working to develop a single, governmentwide policy, consistent with international humanitarian law, on autonomous and semiautonomous weapons. Preparing for the Future AI holds the potential to be a major driver of economic growth and social progress, if industry, civil society, government, and the public work together to support development of the technology with thoughtful attention to its potential and to managing its risks. The . Government has several roles to play. It can convene conversations about important issues and help to set the agenda for public debate. It can monitor the safety and fairness of applications as they develop, and adapt regulatory frameworks to encourage innovation while protecting the public. It can provide public policy tools to ensure that disruption in the means and methods of work enabled by AI increases productivity while avoiding negative economic consequences for certain sectors of the workforce. It can support basic research and the application of AI to public good. It can support development of a skilled, diverse workforce. And government can use AI itself to serve the public faster, PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 4 more effectively, and at lower cost. Many areas of public policy, from education and the economic safety , to defense, environmental preservation, and criminal justice, will see new opportunities and new challenges driven by the continued progress of AI. The . Government must continue to build its capacity to understand and adapt to these changes. As the technology of AI continues to develop, practitioners must ensure that AIenabled systems are governable。 Science。D packages aimed at acplishing multiple national goals. The NSTC‘s work is anized under five mittees: Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability。D on AI have already begun reaping major benefits to the public in fields as diverse as health care, transportation, the environment, criminal justice, and economic inclusion. The effectiveness of government itself is being increased as agencies build their capacity to use AI to carry out their missions more quickly, responsively, and efficiently. AI and Regulation AI has applications in many products, such as cars and aircraft, which are subject to regulation designed to protect the public from harm and ensure fairness in economic petition. How will the incorporation of AI into these products affect the relevant regulatory approaches? In general, the approach to regulation of AIenabled products to protect public safety should be informed by assessment of the aspects of risk that the addition of AI may reduce alongside the aspects of risk that it may increase. If a risk falls within the bounds of an existing regulatory regime, moreover, the policy discussion should start by considering whether the existing regulations already adequately address the risk, or whether they need to be adapted to the addition of AI. Also, where regulatory responses to the addition of AI threaten to increase the cost of pliance, or slow the development or adoption of beneficial innovations, policymakers should consider how those responses could be adjusted to lower costs and barriers to innovation without adversely impacting safety or market fairness. Currently relevant examples of the regulatory challenges that AIenabled products present are found in the cases of automated vehicles (AVs, such as selfdriving cars) and AIequipped unmanned aircraft systems (UAS, or ―drones‖). In the long run, AVs will likely save many lives by reducing driver error and increasing personal mobility, and UAS will offer many economic benefits. Yet public safety must be protected as these technologies are tested and begin to mature. The Department of Transportation (DOT) is using an approach to evolving the relevant regulations that is based on building expertise in the Department, creating safe spaces and test beds for experimentation, and working with industry and civil society to evolve performancebased regulations that will enable more uses as evidence of safe operation accumulates. Research and Workforce Government also has an important role