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語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用”which“而不用”as“。:”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句的位置較靈活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后?!癲o”可以出現(xiàn),也可以不出現(xiàn),但不能用其它動(dòng)詞代替。2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could 答案B A選項(xiàng)不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,C選項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,而D選項(xiàng)習(xí)慣上并不適用。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句一定要有先行詞,而名詞性從句沒(méi)有。, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets ,這使我心煩。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows ,that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。如: This is the village where he was 。ll put off the piic until next week, when the weather may be ,那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。如: That39。分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。c)被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指人又可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或whom,指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不可提到that前,當(dāng)介詞提前時(shí),需要用which或whom來(lái)代替。這些詞代替指人,whom在定語(yǔ)從句中指人,“who”和“that”既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略,who作賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣hom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí)。③在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。ll never forget the days(which)I spent in the where, when聯(lián)系在一起。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))The package which / that you are carrying is about to e 。例如:(錯(cuò))This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯(cuò))I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對(duì))This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(對(duì))I39。②指代先行詞。先行詞被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修飾時(shí)。先行詞為those,he和people時(shí)。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物,可作主語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。There is somebody here who wants to talk to 。與關(guān)系副詞when和where不同,why可以換成that或省略。We39。where 關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的名詞,同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。限定性 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very 。關(guān)系一、先行詞和關(guān)系詞1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(“what”可以用“all that”代替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語(yǔ)從句了,是名詞性從句。前半句中是her boss,所以不正確。如果是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),它們?cè)趶木渲芯鸵话阌邢薅ɑ蚍窍薅ㄐ问降奶娲鷦?dòng)詞“do”和“as / which”一起代替。但是,當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時(shí),”as“特殊。如: We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句中可以主謂倒裝,”which“從句中則不能主謂倒裝。(c)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b)介詞后能用。This is the most interesting book that l have ever 、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。2)whereby,wherein,whereupon也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于by which,in which,upon/on ,且僅用于書面語(yǔ)。2.”介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),表示存在關(guān)系,關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。ve bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰(shuí)買的嗎? ②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an ,我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消息的。7.”介詞+ which(指物)/whose(指人)“修飾后邊的名詞。s gold watch and Della39。= The school in which he once studied is very famous.”which“不可省略?!眞hy“在從句中修語(yǔ),先行詞通常是”the reason“。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)。My sister,who lives in London,is a ,她住在倫敦。3)當(dāng)先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時(shí),用that。3)描述句中一般用which。t ,更要珍惜。when 。ll never forget the days ________ I spent in the 39。(5)The people that/who e to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ)),也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen ,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.關(guān)系副詞的用法:,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)It happned in November when the weather was wet and 指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Let’s look for a place where we can ,其先行詞常是reason,在句中做原因狀語(yǔ) Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for ,不用which的情況:all,everything,anything,nothing ,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。He is the only man that can do the ,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí),Who is the girl that is drawing a picture?定 語(yǔ) 從 句 練習(xí)用關(guān)系代詞填空:that、which、who、whom、whose is the man ________ wants to see student ___________ answered the question is Zhang man __________ you went to see has man ___________I met yesterday lent me some woman _______________ you saw is our geography runner ________________ you are asking about is over person ______________ you should write to is man ___________was passing by saw what is the pen _________ you lost the day before books _____________ you lent me were very storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily clock is a machine ______ tells people the is shirt ___________I bought dictionary is a book ________ gives the meaning to the book ____________ is on the table is film ____________ they are talking about is very will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? me the boy ______________ mother is a wellknown boy______ father is a teacher is good at () teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ es from ()’s the name of the are listening are listening to that you are listening you are listening() students were all interested ____ you told them which that this that everything that () was the only person in his office______ was () is the museum______ we visited last which() told his mother all____ had () you know the student_____? I often talk often talk with who I often talk I often talk39。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有:關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)關(guān)系副詞where, when、why 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 ,在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his ,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),??墒÷?。5)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用whom或which 6)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí),注意判斷介詞與從句謂語(yǔ)是否有關(guān)系,以確定為定語(yǔ)從句單項(xiàng)選擇39。誤區(qū)提醒1)當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí),要判斷出它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)還是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。5)先行詞本身是that時(shí),用which。只用which不用that 1)當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時(shí),用which。He was a Frenchman,as I could tell from his ,我從他的口音中可以聽(tīng)出來(lái)。引導(dǎo)非限定性從句的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ),則要求用關(guān)系代詞。指物時(shí)用”which“,不能用”that“。ll never forget the day on wh