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風(fēng)險與風(fēng)險管理(2)(存儲版)

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【正文】 licy could produce exceptionally large claims, the capital constraint will restrict an insurers appetite for additional policyholders. The classic example is earthquake insurance, where the ability of an underwriter to issue a new policy depends on the number and size of the policies that it has already underwritten. Wind insurance in hurricane zones, particularly along coast lines, is another example of this phenomenon. 二、風(fēng)險管理與保險 ( Risk Management and Insurance) ? (一)風(fēng)險是保險和風(fēng)險管理的共同對象 ? (二)保險是風(fēng)險管理的基礎(chǔ),風(fēng)險管理 ? 又是保險經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的源泉。 ? Risk avoidance includes not performing an activity that could carry risk. ? 2. 風(fēng)險的預(yù)防與抑制 ( risk reduction; loss prevention and control): 是指在損失發(fā)生前、發(fā)生時或之后為縮小損失程度而采取的各種措施。 ? Risk management is a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to a threat, a sequence of human activities including: risk assessment, strategies development to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. ? The objective of risk management is to reduce different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society. 二、風(fēng)險管理的基本程序 ( Steps in Risk Management Process ) ? 風(fēng)險管理的基本程序分為以下幾個步驟 ? 1. 目標(biāo)的確立( Establish the context) ? 2. 風(fēng)險識別( Risk identification) ? 3. 風(fēng)險估測( risk assessment) ? 4. 選擇對付風(fēng)險的方法( Potential risk treatments) ? 5. 制定風(fēng)險管理計劃( Create a risk management plan) ? 6. 計劃的實(shí)施( Implementation) ? 7. 風(fēng)險管理效果評估( Review and evaluation of the management plan) ? (一)風(fēng)險識別 ( risk identification) ? 風(fēng)險識別,是指經(jīng)濟(jì)單位對所面臨的、以及潛在的風(fēng)險,加以判斷、歸類和鑒定風(fēng)險性質(zhì)的過程。因此,純粹風(fēng)險有兩種可能: ? 損失和無損失 ( either a loss occurs or no loss occurs) ? 投機(jī)風(fēng)險( speculative risk) :是指既有損失機(jī)會,又有獲利可能和既無損失也無獲利可能的風(fēng)險。 ? (四)經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險( economic risks):是指在生產(chǎn)和銷售等經(jīng)營活動中,由于受各種市場供求關(guān)系、經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易條件等因素變化的影響,或經(jīng)營者決策失誤、對前景預(yù)期出現(xiàn)偏差等,導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)上遭受損失的風(fēng)險。 ? 風(fēng)險事故和風(fēng)險因素的區(qū)分有時并不是絕對的。 A peril is a cause of loss . fire, windstorm, hail or burglary. ? (三)損失( loss) : ? 是指非故意的( unintentional)、非計劃的( unplanned)、 ? 和非預(yù)期的( unexpected)經(jīng)濟(jì)價值( economic value)的減少。 ? 2. “事件 ” 并非特指 “ 不幸事件 ” 。 ? Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. 第一章 風(fēng)險與風(fēng)險管理 Risk and Risk Management 第一節(jié) 風(fēng)險及其特征 ( Risk and its Characteristics) 第二節(jié) 風(fēng)險的分類 ( Risk Classification) 第三節(jié) 風(fēng)險管理 ( Risk Management) 第四節(jié) 保險與風(fēng)險管理 ( Insurance and Risk Management) 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) ? 目的和要求 :對風(fēng)險本質(zhì)、風(fēng)險種類、風(fēng)險管理進(jìn)行認(rèn)識,并在此基礎(chǔ)上了解保險與風(fēng)險和風(fēng)險管理的關(guān)系。 ? (三)不確定性 ( uncertainty) ?
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