外文翻譯--中國的人口老齡化-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 Population Aging in China 1 Introduction The proximate determinants of population aging in China are fundamentally the same as those in any other country. It is an inevitable consequence of the process known as the “ demographic transition” in which declining fertility together with a rise in life expectancy leads to a shift towards an older age structure of the population. Yet, the story of population aging in China is unmistakably unique, shaped by its distinct historical, cultural, economic and political contexts. The pace of its aging trend is by itself unparalleled, with the proportion of older adults projected to grow from per cent to per cent over the first half of the twentyfirst century (United Nations 2020). As the most populous country in the world, this increase in the population of elderly translates to an astounding growth of 242 million people, which would qualify it It is the purpose of this chapter to examine the multifaceted process of population aging in China, with particular attention to its socialist/munist background. We begin by exploring the demographic determinants and trends of population aging, highlighting the role of state policies in facilitating the fertility and mortality declines. To address the issue of elderly caregiving, we examine the traditional family support system and the challenges it faces since the launch of the economic reform policies in 1978. We then review the ongoing pension and health care reforms initiated by the government as strategies to meet the demands of an aging population. In the conclusion, we discuss the dilemma that the government faces in balancing economic development and providing adequate oldage support. Lastly, we review some alternative policy options and potential opportunities China may have in addressing this global population problem of t
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