【正文】 （ 3）現(xiàn)代化的通訊手段與辦公條件，在智能建筑內(nèi)，人們可以通過國際直播電話，可視電話，電子郵件，聲音郵件，電視會(huì)議，信息檢索等手段，獲得全球性情報(bào)，信息，以空前的高速度與世界各地的人們進(jìn)行商貿(mào)活動(dòng)。 （四）建立自然生態(tài)環(huán)境，保護(hù)生態(tài)平衡 1935 年斯坦力提出“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”的概念，他認(rèn)為人們對(duì)生物體的基本看法，外 文 翻 譯 121 不能把生物體與它們的環(huán)境分開，在自然界中，生物系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境系統(tǒng)相互作用構(gòu)成的自然 整體，就是“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”。 生態(tài)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該具有以下幾個(gè)方面的特點(diǎn) : 1. 尊重設(shè)計(jì)地段內(nèi)的土地 ,環(huán)境 ,及植被的特點(diǎn) ,因地制宜 . 2. 整體 ,全面的考慮設(shè)計(jì)區(qū)域內(nèi)部與外部環(huán)境關(guān)系 . 3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)人與環(huán)境的和諧共存 ,不可分割 . 4. 設(shè)計(jì)過程的多學(xué)科綜合性 為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些特點(diǎn) ,主要有以下幾個(gè)有效途徑 : (一 )開發(fā)地下空間 解決城市用 地緊張的途徑有兩種 ,一是向城郊發(fā)展 ,會(huì)導(dǎo)致耕地面積減少 ,生態(tài)平衡破壞 ,城市化程度增加 .二是向高空發(fā)展 ,往往導(dǎo)致人口密度增加 ,空氣污染嚴(yán)重 ,交通更加擁擠 ,開發(fā)利用地下空間具有無法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì) : 1. 節(jié)省土地資源 ,減少對(duì)城市土壤的破壞 ,減輕地面上住宅 ,交通生產(chǎn)和生活服務(wù) ,社會(huì)活動(dòng)的相互干擾 . 2. 節(jié)約能源 ,土壤具有隔熱和蓄熱的雙重功效 .據(jù)測(cè)地下建筑比地上建筑可節(jié)省熱能 25~80%. 3. 有利于生態(tài)平衡 ,不破壞植被 ,不侵占農(nóng)田 ,有利于美化環(huán)境 ,凈化空氣 ,改外 文 翻 譯 120 善小氣候 . 4. 防塵 ,防毒 .地下空間無大氣污染 . 5. 利于儲(chǔ)存蔬菜 ,水果 ,糧食 .地下環(huán)境相對(duì)濕度適宜 ,避免鼠害蟲害 . 6. 抗震性能好 ,維護(hù)費(fèi)用低 . (二 )物質(zhì)能量循環(huán)利用 隨著科技的進(jìn)步 ,人類對(duì)可再生能源的開發(fā)利用已經(jīng)有了相當(dāng)大的進(jìn)展 ,各種生態(tài)住房 ,低能耗住房大量興建 .將來的房屋建設(shè)對(duì)能量的利用將主要有以下兩種形式 : 1. 自然能 (太陽能 ,風(fēng)能等 )的直接利用 直接利用各種技術(shù)裝置如風(fēng)車 ,太陽能收集裝置 ,將太陽能 ,風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為人們生活的動(dòng)力來源。為此，還必須考慮其時(shí)空的全面性。住宅采用框架結(jié)構(gòu)之后有利于新型墻體材料的推廣應(yīng)用，提高了住宅的抗震性能，并可以為住戶提供自由分割的空間，豐富住宅的立面造型，使用面積系數(shù)也可提高自重，比磚混結(jié)構(gòu)的輕，單位面積造價(jià)與磚混結(jié)構(gòu)持平，由此可見，框架結(jié)構(gòu)是住宅在承重結(jié)構(gòu)體系上的一大發(fā)展。s information service and with the construction optimum position, causes the human to obtain the investment to suit the information society need reasonably, and has safely, highly effective, fortable, convenience, nimble construction space. Popular speaking, the intelligent construction is one kind has the creativity environment. In intelligent construction, the people may obtain: (1) security, health, energy conservation, fortable pleasant, can enhance the work and the quality of life environment, the temperature, the humidity, the degree of illumination may the automatic control, the environment color, the flavor and the background noise may have one39。 ⑥ In the reduced construction process to the environment harm, avoids the environment the destruction, the resources waste as well as the building materials waste。外 文 翻 譯 105 21st century architectural design development trend The 21st century arrivals enable the people to change over to the information age from the industry time, Had the architecture industry authority once to say: The 21st century high consumptions return the nature, Returns the native soil. May summarize on its reason for following several points: (1) Should walk the passenger train study development architectural design path Concrete is when carries on the architectural design first must study the ecological environment condition, The consideration solves good and the peripheral environment coordination, Solves the natural energy source use, Natural material reasonable use. Natural lighting illumination design, Internal spatial physics performance adjustment design, Construction decoration, Decoration, In the room designs the scenery possible multiuse natural element and the natural ability and wisdom, Creates the nature plain life working conditions, The building should reduce the energy consumption as far as possible, Development resource and material regeneration use. The concept repairs the house according to “the green building materials”, changes the people extant mon custom aesthetic standard judgment standard not to do the morbid state space, does not do the transition decoration, reduces the eye pollution, reduces the manpower, physical resource abusiveness with the waste, causes the building to draw close to the nature, enables the source use and the landscape creation all achieves the new altitude. (2) Will plete diligently face the future design The architectural design should have the material function and the energetic function dual character, designs in satisfies the material function in the foundation to satisfy the energetic function more importantly the request, must create the style, the ideal condition and the appeal satisfies people39。 2. Heavy structure systems are going by the portal frame construction primarily Well known at present massive had the housing mixes the structure by the brick 外 文 翻 譯 107 primarily, this kind of building structure system has the very many shorting like antiknocking energy balance, the gross altitude is restricted construction, the mechanized degree enhances with difficulty, the work requirement is big, the construction quality guaranteed with difficulty. After the housing uses the portal frame construction is advantageous in the new wall material promoted application, enhanced the housing earthquake resistance performance, and may provide the free division for the inhabitant the space, the rich housing vertical surface modelling, the useable area coefficient also may enhance the dead weight, mixes the structure pared to the brick light, the unit area construction cost and the brick mixes the structure to be impartial, thus it can be seen, the portal frame construction is a housing in loadbearing member system big development. 3. Housing lives are going the big extension, the ultra durable housing to be going to appear massively At present, the housing service life according to its design proposal is generally about 50 years, down to the people the lifelong savings purchase a house with several dozens years, after use must discard, this kind of realistic phenomenon really was a little too has been cruel, therefore the people very urgent request enhanced the housing the durability, now the ultra durable concrete research is on the rise, down to in the near future will enable the concrete the durability to amount to hopefully for several hundred years over a thousand years, after the housing used the portal frame construction, thus might use the ultra durable concrete big to enhance the housing the durability, realized us to have the ult