建筑外文翻譯---國(guó)際建設(shè)工程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 因此原告對(duì)承包者和建筑師疏忽的索賠是理所當(dāng)然的。 不可預(yù)見(jiàn)費(fèi)包含在最高保證價(jià)中，涵蓋了意想不到的但是合乎情理的費(fèi)用，在最高保證價(jià)以上的不可預(yù)見(jiàn)費(fèi)允許為業(yè)主改變。 建設(shè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，對(duì)建設(shè)更專業(yè)的方法，正在 隨著設(shè)計(jì)建造，橋的設(shè)計(jì)和投標(biāo)建造為項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行過(guò)程中建立的方法的改變而改變傳統(tǒng)的地位。 此外，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的發(fā)展階段，阿特金森（ Atkinson）聲稱制定重大決策而不能僅僅基于數(shù)學(xué)分析的狀態(tài)。 根據(jù) D. Atkinson，無(wú)論承包商 還是 顧問(wèn)，正確的團(tuán)隊(duì)需要集合有關(guān)的多學(xué)科經(jīng)驗(yàn)的項(xiàng)目特殊類型和位置。許多建筑專業(yè)人士鼠目寸光的看個(gè)人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且沒(méi)有意識(shí)到其他相關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能對(duì)他們的業(yè)務(wù)產(chǎn)生潛在影響。在有變化的地方這是不可能有效的。原告同意了這項(xiàng)建議，并同意對(duì)和解的條款保密。 屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)在 1999 年 12 月局部坍塌前已經(jīng)用了 10 年。 越強(qiáng)調(diào)服務(wù)的重點(diǎn)，委托方的要求越來(lái)越高，挑剔越來(lái)越多，并不太愿意接受沒(méi)有賠償?shù)娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 and reduce risk for the client, the architect and the CM. CM at Risk, a more professional approach to construction, is taking its place along with designbuild, bridging and the more traditional process of designbidbuild as an established method of project delivery. The AE can review the CM?s approach to the work, making helpful remendations. The CM is allowed to take bids or proposals from subcontractors during pletion of contract documents, prior to the guaranteed maximum price (GMP), which reduces the CM?s risk and provides useful input to design. The procedure is more methodical, manageable, predictable and less risky for all. The procurement of construction is also more businesslike. Each trade contractor has a fair shot at being the low bidder without fear of bid shopping. Each must deliver the best to get the projec. Competition in the munity is more equitable: all subcontractors have a fair shot at the work . 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 20200710 5 A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors. There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is remended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility. A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors. There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is remended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility. It was reasonable to assume that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It did appear justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. In many projects clients do not understand the importance of their role in facilitating cooperation and coordination。外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 20200710 外文文獻(xiàn)： Risk Analysis of the International Construction Project By: Paul Stanford Kupakuwana Cost Engineering Vol. 51/No. 9 September 2020 ABSTRACT This analysis used a case study methodology to analyse
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