【正文】 ding material, the questionnaire uses the old building material and the ponent。外 文 翻 譯 105 21st century architectural design development trend The 21st century arrivals enable the people to change over to the information age from the industry time, Had the architecture industry authority once to say: The 21st century high consumptions return the nature, Returns the native soil. May summarize on its reason for following several points: (1) Should walk the passenger train study development architectural design path Concrete is when carries on the architectural design first must study the ecological environment condition, The consideration solves good and the peripheral environment coordination, Solves the natural energy source use, Natural material reasonable use. Natural lighting illumination design, Internal spatial physics performance adjustment design, Construction decoration, Decoration, In the room designs the scenery possible multiuse natural element and the natural ability and wisdom, Creates the nature plain life working conditions, The building should reduce the energy consumption as far as possible, Development resource and material regeneration use. The concept repairs the house according to “the green building materials”, changes the people extant mon custom aesthetic standard judgment standard not to do the morbid state space, does not do the transition decoration, reduces the eye pollution, reduces the manpower, physical resource abusiveness with the waste, causes the building to draw close to the nature, enables the source use and the landscape creation all achieves the new altitude. (2) Will plete diligently face the future design The architectural design should have the material function and the energetic function dual character, designs in satisfies the material function in the foundation to satisfy the energetic function more importantly the request, must create the style, the ideal condition and the appeal satisfies people39。 ② Using technical public consciousness, the union construction function request, uses the simple appropriate technology。 ⑥ In the reduced construction process to the environment harm, avoids the environment the destruction, the resources waste as well as the building materials waste。s room arranges may each its energy, each according to his need, the design 外 文 翻 譯 110 arranges one to have warmly The individuality family, so naturally enhanced the housing construction use efficiency, causes the residential building easy to transform has the longer service life. ③ Housing ecotype Now lives in the metropolis people all longed for returns the nature, hopes more and the nature contact, but the residential building only has the green not to be able to say it has the ecotype, the housing ecotype is take the green as the foundation covering ecology environmental protection, sustainable development and so on many kinds of ideas. First speaking of green itself, must achieve the national related standard, and has the integrity to include the design, the construction, the estate management and so on many link life cycle appraisal, also must unify with all city overall environment quality. The ecology architectural design should have following several aspects characteristic: 1. The respect designs in the land sector the land, Environment, and vegetation39。s information service and with the construction optimum position, causes the human to obtain the investment to suit the information society need reasonably, and has safely, highly effective, fortable, convenience, nimble construction space. Popular speaking, the intelligent construction is one kind has the creativity environment. In intelligent construction, the people may obtain: (1) security, health, energy conservation, fortable pleasant, can enhance the work and the quality of life environment, the temperature, the humidity, the degree of illumination may the automatic control, the environment color, the flavor and the background noise may have one39。 21 世紀的建筑設計是個大問題，它的發(fā)展方向主要有以下幾個方面： 1．應該走可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建筑設計道路 21 世紀是信息時代，更應該是生態(tài)文明時代。住宅采用框架結構之后有利于新型墻體材料的推廣應用，提高了住宅的抗震性能，并可以為住戶提供自由分割的空間，豐富住宅的立面造型，使用面積系數(shù)也可提高自重，比磚混結構的輕，單位面積造價與磚混結構持平，由此可見，框架結構是住宅在承重結構體系上的一大發(fā)展。住宅建筑中時空的延續(xù)性，就是要求在住宅創(chuàng)作中，在遵循自然因素的前提下，從傳統(tǒng)居住形態(tài)中汲養(yǎng)分，提取要素，結合當代住宅科技特點和居住需求，創(chuàng)建的再現(xiàn)建筑地域空間文化外 文 翻 譯 118 特點，以尋求住宅建筑的個性表達。為此，還必須考慮其時空的全面性。對于外部空間的環(huán)境，居民交往的空間創(chuàng)建也是居住舒適性的重要體現(xiàn)，應力求把原有的生活納入進來， 作為居民生存環(huán)境的重要組成部分，規(guī)劃要結構明朗，形象綱舉目張，群體設計要多種圍合，變化多變的私密，半私密的空間，配合如一，廣場，綠地，小品，通透環(huán)廊等構成統(tǒng)一景觀，做到安全寧靜，溫馨而利于交往。 生態(tài)的建筑設計應該具有以下幾個方面的特點 : 1. 尊重設計地段內的土地 ,環(huán)境 ,及植被的特點 ,因地制宜 . 2. 整體 ,全面的考慮設計區(qū)域內部與外部環(huán)境關系 . 3. 強調人與環(huán)境的和諧共存 ,不可分割 . 4. 設計過程的多學科綜合性 為實現(xiàn)這些特點 ,主要有以下幾個有效途徑 : (一 )開發(fā)地下空間 解決城市用 地緊張的途徑有兩種 ,一是向城郊發(fā)展 ,會導致耕地面積減少 ,生態(tài)平衡破壞 ,城市化程度增加 .二是向高空發(fā)展 ,往往導致人口密度增加 ,空氣污染嚴重 ,交通更加擁擠 ,開發(fā)利用地下空間具有無法比擬的優(yōu)勢 : 1. 節(jié)省土地資源 ,減少對城市土壤的破壞 ,減輕地面上住宅 ,交通生產和生活服務 ,社會活動的相互干擾 . 2. 節(jié)約能源 ,土壤具有隔熱和蓄熱的雙重功效 .據(jù)測地下建筑比地上建筑可節(jié)省熱能 25~80%. 3. 有利于生態(tài)平衡 ,不破壞植被 ,不侵占農田 ,有利于美化環(huán)境 ,凈化空氣 ,改外 文 翻 譯 120 善小氣候 . 4. 防塵 ,防毒 .地下空間無大氣污染 . 5. 利于儲存蔬菜 ,水果 ,糧食 .地下環(huán)境相對濕度適宜 ,避免鼠害蟲害 . 6. 抗震性能好 ,維護費用低 . (二 )物質能量循環(huán)利用 隨著科技的進步 ,人類對可再生能源的開發(fā)利用已經有了相當大的進展 ,各種生態(tài)住房 ,低能耗住房大量興建 .將來的房屋建設對能量的利用將主要有以下兩種形式 : 1. 自然能 (太陽能 ,風能等 )的直接利用 直接利用各種技術裝置如風車 ,太陽能收集裝置 ,將太陽能 ,風能轉化為人們生活的動力來源。要提高環(huán)境的綠化覆蓋，增加綠地面積以外，還可以立體發(fā)展，想空中拓寬，采取屋頂綠化，窗，墻垂直綠化等手段，日本的“與環(huán)境共生的住宅”中。 （四）建立自然生態(tài)環(huán)境，保護生態(tài)平衡 1935 年斯坦力提出“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”的概念，他認為人們對生物體的基本看法，外 文 翻 譯 121 不能把生物體與它們的環(huán)境分開，在自然界中，生物系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境系統(tǒng)相互作用構成的自然 整體，就是“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”。 智能建 筑是把現(xiàn)代的高新技術 智能型計算機，多媒體現(xiàn)代通信，智能保安，環(huán)境監(jiān)控等技術與建筑藝術相融合在一起，通過對設備的自動監(jiān)控，對信息資源和對使用者的信息服務及其與建筑優(yōu)化組合，使人獲得投資合理適合信息社會需要，并且具有安全，高效，舒適，便利，靈活的建筑空間。 （ 3）現(xiàn)代化的通訊手段與辦公條件，在智能建筑內，人們可以通過國際直播電話，可視電話，電子郵件，聲音郵件，電視會議，信息檢索等手段，獲得全球性情報，信息，以空前的高速度與世界各地的人們進行商貿