【正文】 fatigue phenomenon and causes damage on the connection of defects in use. As a result of the existence of these defects and influence each other, make different degrees of damage of the structure as a whole and partial. The quality inspection of steel structure in addition to the material mechanics performance testing according to procedures and related to chemical position analysis, should carry on the bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage detection and prehensive assessment, to determine their level of quality. (a) material inspection and measurement From the use point of view, strength, plasticity, weldability and cold short destructive is building the basic performance of steel. Monomial index of the material does not represent all of its features, must be based on the prehensive evaluation indicators of routine test. Assessment should also collect the following data for reference data: in the steel production of time, the supply of steel technology condition and product specifications. Must find out the steel grades, technical indicators, ultimate strength, yield strength, tensile elongation, cold, repeated bending, impact toughness, and chemical position, etc. Steel material mechanical test and chemical analysis results, should ply with the provisions of the corresponding procedures. (2) steel structure ponent deformation test and evaluation Steel structure of the final prehensive evaluation is made up of bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage from four aspects carries on the prehensive consideration and analysis, and mainly carrying capacity level is given. About corrosion and damage of hierarchies, you may refer to the execution of construction acceptance specifications and regulations provisions in steel structure design code. But prehensive evaluation at the end of the standard regulation: 1. When the deformation level lower than the carrying capacity, is determined according to the bearing capacity level. 2. When the deformation of two level lower than the carrying capacity, and the corrosion and damage is severe, again according to the lower level to determine bearing capacity. (3) the strength of the steel structure, deformation and defect detection Steel structure strength and deformation test, monly used with electrical measuring method and measuring method. Electrical measuring method is to use electrical signal (., current, resistance, capacitance, etc.) changes and its electrical variation in the relationship of mechanical quantity and to determine its mechanical quantity (such as strain and stress)。材質的單項指標不能代表其全部特征，必 須依據(jù)常規(guī)試驗的各項指標進行綜合評定。 型材的做法是將材料銑成長寬一定的試件然后進行拉伸冷彎試驗，對其物理性能進行檢測；焊接球是按標準焊上一定直徑的配管，然后進行抗拉抗 壓試驗；螺栓球與焊接球差不多，只是沒有抗壓試驗；連接緊固件，對我們來說主要是高強螺栓。特別是銹蝕使截面減薄，承載能力下降，對結構安全度影響是很大的。 采用超聲波脈沖反射法。 涂層厚度測定一般用磁性測厚儀測定，國內外均有產品。測定時首先要清除涂層表面灰塵和油污，以防影響精度。測量時關鍵要把握住鋼絲拉直，使測量數(shù)值準確。 測定撓度時最好確定固定點，即一般在跨 中確定測點。同時為了確保跨度端點的固定位置，兩端要有專人掌握端點固定位置并標出端點與實際屋架端點的距離，以求出實際的測量撓度時的跨度值。 (1)材質檢驗與測定 從使用角度講，強度、塑性 、冷脆破壞性和可焊性等是建筑鋼材的基本性能。鋼材材質的力學試驗和化學分析結果，都應符合相應規(guī)程的規(guī)定。 2).當變形比承載能力低兩級時，且銹蝕和損傷又較嚴重時，按承載能力降低一級確定。另外，還有表面硬度法，就是利用硬度與強度之間的關系來獲得其強度值。但這同樣會損傷結構，影響它的正常工作，并需要進行補強。 參考文獻： [1]姚南，張?zhí)焐?，王元清，石永久。商品與質量， 2020，（ S2） [3]宋嵩岳，邵華榮。合肥工業(yè)大學， 2020