【正文】 商品與質(zhì)量， 2020，（ S2） [3]宋嵩岳，邵華榮。但這同樣會損傷結(jié)構(gòu)，影響它的正常工作，并需要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)強(qiáng)。 2).當(dāng)變形比承載能力低兩級時，且銹蝕和損傷又較嚴(yán)重時，按承載能力降低一級確定。 (1)材質(zhì)檢驗與測定 從使用角度講，強(qiáng)度、塑性 、冷脆破壞性和可焊性等是建筑鋼材的基本性能。 測定撓度時最好確定固定點，即一般在跨 中確定測點。測定時首先要清除涂層表面灰塵和油污，以防影響精度。 采用超聲波脈沖反射法。 型材的做法是將材料銑成長寬一定的試件然后進(jìn)行拉伸冷彎試驗，對其物理性能進(jìn)行檢測；焊接球是按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)焊上一定直徑的配管，然后進(jìn)行抗拉抗 壓試驗；螺栓球與焊接球差不多，只是沒有抗壓試驗；連接緊固件，對我們來說主要是高強(qiáng)螺栓。 Actual effects in use process, deviates from the original design of the corrosion of materials and ponents caused by corrosion of the reduction of crosssectional area, under alternating load change metal structure strength and fatigue phenomenon and causes damage on the connection of defects in use. As a result of the existence of these defects and influence each other, make different degrees of damage of the structure as a whole and partial. The quality inspection of steel structure in addition to the material mechanics performance testing according to procedures and related to chemical position analysis, should carry on the bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage detection and prehensive assessment, to determine their level of quality. (a) material inspection and measurement From the use point of view, strength, plasticity, weldability and cold short destructive is building the basic performance of steel. Monomial index of the material does not represent all of its features, must be based on the prehensive evaluation indicators of routine test. Assessment should also collect the following data for reference data: in the steel production of time, the supply of steel technology condition and product specifications. Must find out the steel grades, technical indicators, ultimate strength, yield strength, tensile elongation, cold, repeated bending, impact toughness, and chemical position, etc. Steel material mechanical test and chemical analysis results, should ply with the provisions of the corresponding procedures. (2) steel structure ponent deformation test and evaluation Steel structure of the final prehensive evaluation is made up of bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage from four aspects carries on the prehensive consideration and analysis, and mainly carrying capacity level is given. About corrosion and damage of hierarchies, you may refer to the execution of construction acceptance specifications and regulations provisions in steel structure design code. But prehensive evaluation at the end of the standard regulation: 1. When the deformation level lower than the carrying capacity, is determined according to the bearing capacity level. 2. When the deformation of two level lower than the carrying capacity, and the corrosion and damage is severe, again according to the lower level to determine bearing capacity. (3) the strength of the steel structure, deformation and defect detection Steel structure strength and deformation test, monly used with electrical measuring method and measuring method. Electrical measuring method is to use electrical signal (., current, resistance, capacitance, etc.) changes and its electrical variation in the relationship of mechanical quantity and to determine its mechanical quantity (such as strain and stress)。 Steel structural materials。 Connection fasteners, mainly is the high