普通心理學(xué)重點-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 iousness Consciousness(意識):a state of awareness,including a person’s feelings sensations,ideas and perceptions. 睡眠的階段及其特點Why do wei sleep？Cycling through the stage of sleep NREM(NonRapid Eye Movment sleep)非快速眼動睡眠 REM 快速眼動睡眠 階段：1，theta waves入睡期 2，sleep spindles睡眠錠 淺睡期，有睡眠錠產(chǎn)生約20MIN 3,delta waves 中度睡眠，約40MIN 4，高振幅的delta波，約30分鐘，深度睡眠 The function of dream:（1）diagnose illness診斷疾?。?）psychotherapy心理治療（3）an excuse借口Attention(注意):is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. 注意是心理活動或意識對一定對象的指向與集中。4， Memory is the process by which we encode(編碼),store(存儲) and retrieve(提取) information.,5， Three stages of memory(記憶的三個階段):sensory memory感覺記憶、ShortTerm Memory 短時記憶STM、LongTerm Memory長時記憶LTM6， 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線ebbinghaus,s forgetting curve 的特點：（1）大多數(shù)遺忘出現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)后一小時之內(nèi)；（2）遺忘的速度不是恒定的，而是先快后慢,最后逐漸穩(wěn)定下來；（3）重新學(xué)習(xí)要比第一次學(xué)習(xí)容易。相對感覺閾限：例如100g的重量，再加上1g，人并不感覺到重量有所增加，但增加3g以上是，就能感覺到重量的變化，即為差別感覺閾限，剛剛能夠引起差別感覺的兩個同類性質(zhì)刺激物之間的最小差異量。Chapter 1 General psychology(普通心理學(xué)):a branch of psychology which study the most mon and principles and rules of humans，normal behaviors and thinking. Intorspection (內(nèi)省法):a method of selfobservation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings. Longitudinal study(縱向研究法):research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development. Crosssectional study(橫向研究法):research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and pared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age. Five steps of the scientific(研究心理學(xué)科學(xué)方法的五個步驟): Ask a question or identify(鑒定) a a hypothesis（假設(shè)）.Test the hypothesis and collect data.(experiments)Analyze the results of your conclusions. Methods of research(心理學(xué)的研究方法):Naturalistic observation(自然觀察法)Case Study(個案研究法)
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