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普通心理學(xué)重點(diǎn)doc-閱讀頁(yè)

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【正文】 efers to memories of which people are not consciously aware, but which can affect subsequent performance and behavior. 個(gè)體無(wú)意識(shí)的或者不自覺(jué)的回憶信息的記憶形式,無(wú)意識(shí)記憶影響個(gè)體后繼的表現(xiàn)和行為。Chapter 6 thought and language Thinking(思維):changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new ,借助于言語(yǔ)、表象、動(dòng)作來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),能揭示事物本質(zhì)特征及內(nèi)部規(guī)律的理性認(rèn)識(shí)階段。 Need(需要):biological or psychological requirement of an organism. Incentive approaches(刺激或誘因理論):an external stimulus, reinforcer, or reward that motivates behavior. Emotions(情緒):are feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence 。 The types of attention:(1)involuntary attention(不隨意注意/無(wú)意注意)(2)voluntary attention (隨意注意/有意注意)(3)post voluntary attention (隨意后注意/有意后注意) 注意的品質(zhì):注意的廣度(范圍)、注意的穩(wěn)定性 、注意的分配、注意的轉(zhuǎn)移使注意順利地進(jìn)行分配的條件是:①人對(duì)活動(dòng)的熟練程度②同時(shí)進(jìn)行的幾種活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系③分配注意的技巧。 Personality structures(人格結(jié)構(gòu)):Id(本我)、Ego(自我)、Superego(超我) 本我遵循快樂(lè)原則Pleasure principle;自我遵循現(xiàn)實(shí)原則Reality principle;超我遵循道德原則Moral principleStructuresDistributionPrincipleFunctionContentsIdAll unconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的)Pleasure principlePsyche source(精神起源)Instinctual and biological urges(本能的生理沖動(dòng))EgoMostly conscious(大部分有意識(shí)的)Reality principleMediation(調(diào)節(jié))Rational, thoughtful process(理性的思想邏輯) Superego2 layers(2層次)Moral principleSupervision (監(jiān)督)Conscience,social rules(道德規(guī)則 社會(huì)規(guī)范) Trait(特質(zhì)):a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over 。 Personality tests(人格測(cè)驗(yàn))includes Objective Personality Tests(客觀測(cè)驗(yàn))and Projective Personality Tests (投射測(cè)驗(yàn))、 Theories of personality 人格的理論 Psychoanalytic Theories (精神分析理論)consciousness 意識(shí) pre consciousness前意識(shí) Un consciousness潛意識(shí),以上為潛意識(shí)理論 Learning Theories 學(xué)習(xí)理論 Humenistic and Congnitire Theories 人本主義和認(rèn)知理論 Trait Theories (特質(zhì)理論):個(gè)體在不同的情景下表現(xiàn)出的一些特點(diǎn)Surface traits and source traits 表面物質(zhì)和根源物質(zhì)Surface traits : a stable charact eristic that can be observed in certain situations 外部行為能直接觀察到的特
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