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sness Consciousness(意識):a state of awareness,including a person’s feelings sensations,ideas and perceptions. 睡眠的階段及其特點Why do wei sleep?Cycling through the stage of sleep NREM(NonRapid Eye Movment sleep)非快速眼動睡眠 REM 快速眼動睡眠 階段:1,theta waves入睡期 2,sleep spindles睡眠錠 淺睡期,有睡眠錠產(chǎn)生約20MIN 3,delta waves 中度睡眠,約40MIN 4,高振幅的delta波,約30分鐘,深度睡眠 The function of dream:(1)diagnose illness診斷疾病(2)psychotherapy心理治療(3)an excuse借口Attention(注意):is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. 注意是心理活動或意識對一定對象的指向與集中。 Image(表象):a visual,mental representation of an event or object. Concept(概念):a label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in mon. What strategies do we need in problem solving?問題解決可以使用的策略:Mechanical Solutions—to try one by one (算法式)Heuristics(啟發(fā)法) meansend analysis手段-目標(biāo)分析、Backward search逆向搜索、climbing method爬山法 影響問題解決的因素:Function Fixation功能固著mental set心理定勢motivation動機condition知覺情境(問題條件) Characteristics of creative thinking創(chuàng)造性思維的特點:Flexibility變通性、靈活性Rebination重組Insight頓悟帶有突發(fā)性,如靈感、直覺等等Chapter 7 Motivation and Emotion Motivation(動機):an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a 、激發(fā)和維持有機體活動的一種內(nèi)在心理過程。4, Memory is the process by which we encode(編碼),store(存儲) and retrieve(提取) information.,5, Three stages of memory(記憶的三個階段):sensory memory感覺記憶、ShortTerm Memory 短時記憶STM、LongTerm Memory長時記憶LTM6, 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線ebbinghaus,s forgetting curve 的特點:(1)大多數(shù)遺忘出現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)后一小時之內(nèi);(2)遺忘的速度不是恒定的,而是先快后慢,最后逐漸穩(wěn)定下來;(3)重新學(xué)習(xí)要比第一次學(xué)習(xí)容易。basic ponent in the formation of a 。相對感覺閾限:例如100g的重量,再加上1g,人并不感覺到重量有所增加,但增加3g以上是,就能感覺到重量的變化,即為差別感覺閾限,剛剛能夠引起差別感覺的兩個同類性質(zhì)刺激物之間的最小差異量。絕對感覺閾限:例如用某一極輕微的刺激物刺激被試者的皮膚,被試不會有感覺,但如果逐漸增加這個刺激量就會引起被試的感覺反應(yīng)。Chapter 1 General psychology(普通心理學(xué)):a branch of psychology which study the most mon and principles and rules of humans,normal behaviors and thinking. Intorspection (內(nèi)省法