世界需求和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力對(duì)出口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響外文翻譯-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 cteristic of dependency writings such as those of Cardoso and Faletto (1979). In this case, structural differences between a developed and developing region are seen to determine their asymmetrical trading relationship. Some empirical support for the position of the export pessimists is provided by studies on the role of external demand on the export performances of developing countries (. Kavoussi 1985。 Hughes 1989。 Michalopoulos and Jay 1973。 Feder 1982。s limited market and provide an outlet for the surplus products that are not consumed domestically. Idle or surplus resources are absorbed into exportables which have the effect of stimulating economic growth (Myint 1958). Engaging in export producUOn therefore ensures greater capacity utilization through economies of scale {Balassa 1985). It has also been maintained that economies that are oriented towards exports produce a higher level of industrialization (Joint ECLA/UNIDO Industrial Development Division 1986) and generate higher quality products because of the exposure to international consumption patterns. Other pelling arguments include the need by developing countries to earn foreign exchange in order to finance imports for mdustriahzation(Esfahani 1991), as well as the deployment of abundant labor so that it leads to the growth of employment and wages (Krueger 1988). Export optimists support their position by drawing extensively from econometric studies relating economic growth to some indices of export performance under implicit assumptions of favorable supply conditions. Several of these studies concluded that economic performance is highly correlated to export growth (Balassa 1978。 Prebisch 1962). The difference between the two viewpoints lies in the weight given to the mechanisms determining the link exports and economic growth. One oute of the polarization of the literature is that regions trying to develop are confronted with development models which often assume dualistic forms. For example inward versus outward trade orientation, or, export versus import substitution strategies.39。中文 3450 字 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯原文 外文題目 ： Effects of World Demand and Competitiveness on Exports and Economic Growth 出 處： Growth and Change (,Winter 1994,) 作 者： JESSIE POON 原 文： Effects of World Demand and Competitiveness on Exports and Economic Growth Introduction The role of exports in economic growth has been much debated since the 1950s. Two viewpoints characterize the development literature on the relationship between exports and economic growth. The first considers that economic growth is a consequence of favorable internal and supplyrelated factors. Exports promote growth because they stimulate the efficient use of these factors for economic production and enable a country or region to remain petitme (Bhagwati 1988。 Nurkse 1961。 1961), export optimists point to the potential gams that arise as a result of trade. Export optimists explain the link between exports and economic growth in terms of supply factors such as natural resources, entrepreneurship, skilled labor, and institutions. Trade results m economic growth by expanding the supply of labor and capital, while technological advances raise the productivity of the factors of production(Riedel 1987). Outwardlooking trade strategies such as export promotion have been popularized on the premise that exports lead to rapid economic growth and development. Exports help to overe a c
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