【正文】 ific industries, certain key developing exporters have been excluded from our analysis ., Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mexico, Pakistan . In addition, nonmarket socialist countries were excluded as well because data are not parable with market economies. T e x t i l e T r a d e a n d t h e P at t er n of Economic Growth 299 the other variables can be considered as helpful in measuring the relative efficiency of export industries. Table 5 Correlation Coefficients n t v a r i a b l e A Exports t e x t i l e s i a p p a r e l I C O R . 2 4 . I 9 A V A / E m p 9o5 . I o A S a l l E m p . 3 ~ ..67 S a l / V A . 6 6 .5 7 A U L C . 3 5 . 2 9 I 9 7 3 : V A / E m p , i i . 4 3 I 9 7 3 : S a l ] E m p . 3 2 . 5 5 Stepwise regression equations were run to determine which variables offered the best explanation of the change in exports between x967 and I974. Table 6 presents the results. The variables selected account for ap proximately 70 percent of the explanation of the variation of exports in manufacturing, 6x percent in textiles, and over 75 percent in apparel. Of particular importance in the equations are the variables measuring the percentage increase in the return to nonlabor factors ISal/VA and the change in the cost of labor A Sal/Emp . Since the variables we have used are only approximations of actual factors of production and we do not directly measure differences in marketing and organization, quality of product, access to raw materials, government subsidies, etc., it is reason Table 6 Regression Results [or Industry Exports D e p e n d e n t v a r i a b l e : A e x p o r t s a l l m a n u f a c t u r i n g t e x t i l e s a p p a r e l I n d e p e n d e n t variable: | l S a l i V A . 2 1 . 6 1 . 6 I . i * A S a l / E m p * i . i * * A U L C o o I 9 7 3 : V A / E m p 2 o . 5 o o : 1973: S a l / E m p o o * * R e g r e s s i o n c o n s t a n t . , . 1, I 4 7 . 4 R I .69 .6i .76 S t a n d a r d e r r o r I8. 3 * Significant at the 5 percent level. ** Significant a t t h e i o p e r c e n t level. o Insignificant a t the xo percent level. 300 G r e g o r y S c h m i d and Owen P h i l l i p s able that the percent of variation explained not be higher. What is shown, though, is that there is a significant relationship between variables mea suring utilization of factors of production and export performance. Using the variables we have identified as proxy measures of relative efficiency, we can now analyze the characteristics of the textile and apparel industries in three groups of countries: rich consumer countries consu mers , textile/apparel exportoriented developing countries developing exporters , and nonexporting textile/apparel developing countries de veloping nonexporters . The nonexporting countries are those which pub lish consistent industry data over the relevant countries in cluded in each group cover percent of the total textile exports and percent of total apparel exports ~. Of particular interest