【正文】 who can pete in inter national export markets though producers in certain countries will have a harder time convincing lenders of future prospects . Thus, the cost of labor determines the flow of goods. But in the actual world of international trade, there are significant economies of scale。外文翻譯原文紡織品貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟增長方式 Textile Trade and tlle Pattern of Economic Growth By Gregory Schmid and Owen Phillips Contents: I. Patterns of Trade. II. Efficient Production and Export Performance. III. Successful Exporters and Economic Development. IV. Conlusion. n the postWorld War II era, the international economy experienced I a period of extremely rapid growth in world trade. This boom period reached its peak in the late i96os and early i97os. The growth in trade created some notable opportunities for increasing exports of manufac tured goods from the developing countries. Certain developing countries have been able to take advantage of these opportunities, especially those involved in trade in textiles and apparel. This article examines the patterns of trade in textiles and apparel, factors of production that are associated with export petitiveness, and the impact of overall petitiveness on the development process. I. Patterns of Trade The relatively stable environment for international transactions estab lished after World War II encouraged growth in trade. Between 1954 and 1959, world trade expanded by an average percent per year in . dol lar value。 m a n u f a c t u r e d exports: S I T C 5 8 . Source: U N [ Y e a r b o o k of I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a d e S t a t i s t i c s , 1978]. H. Efficient Production and Export Performance Over the last decade, the developing countries39。 Leibenstein [x966]。 Stern, 1977]. There are excellent data available to measure the cost of labor. It is feasible to pare both the rate of change of employee pensation over time and the absolute level of employee pensation in any given year. F a c t o r E f f i c i e n c y . It is very difficult to separate the contribution of each factor of input. However, it is possible to measure the relative effi ciency of all factors. The average value added per employee is a good measure of the output associated with each worker and hence the level of human capital and equipment used [Lipsey and Weiss, 1973。 apparel trade rose in dollar value by percent per year. Since textile and apparel prices rose much less than prices of other traded goods, the volume in crease was much larger than that of all traded goods. The volume of textile products expanded by percent per year, the volume of apparel by percent, pared with 97 percent for all traded goods [UN, Year book of International Trade Statistics, I969ff.] 1. Remarl~: The study was financed by a grant of the Ford Foundation. Textile SITC 65 and apparel SITC 84I exports are d e f l a t e d by the . wholesale price index for textiles and apparel. See IMF var. iss.]。 . Department of Labor [1975]. Textile Trade and the Pattern of Economic Growth z95 During this boom period, the share of the world market in textiles and apparel that went to developing countries increased. Table I shows the average annum growth in textile and apparel exports for the major indus trial countries and the major exporting developing countries. Since on average the developing country exporters had higher rates of export growth, their share of total world market increased dramatically in ap parel and to a lesser degree in textiles Table 2 . This was especially true for certain developing countries like Brazil, Colombia, Greece, and Korea. This good performance by the developing country exporters was impor tant to their overall economic performance during the period because textile and apparel exports were a major share of their total exports of manufactured goods Table 3 . Hence, to the extent that developing countries depend on export earnings for further development, textile and apparel exports are extremely important. Table I Textile and Apparel Exports, 19681974 annum average percent increase in dollar value Industrial countries Tex Ap Developing country Tex Ap tiles a parel b exporters , tiles a parel b I West G e r m a n y . 23,3 21,3