世界需求和競爭力對出口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響外文翻譯-wenkub
2023-05-19 17:53:15 本頁面
【正文】 nown as the export optimismexport pessi mism debate(Bhagwati 1988). The need to collapse the export optimismexport pessimism dualism for a more integrative perspective has been raised by Streeten (1982). Increasingly too, the literature suggests that a mix of both perspectives merits a closer look (. Gereffi 1989). This paper examines the relationship between export growth and economic growth within an integrative framework. It argues that developing countries (abbreviated to LDCs) are rather differentiated in their economic structures so that the relationship between exports and economic growth is likely to vary. Thus, it is unlikely that the above relationship may be fully explained by one viewpoint. Two variables, world demand and petitiveness, capturing demandoriented as well supplyoriented explanations of the mechanisms linking export growth to ine growth are first established. The two variables are then incorporated into an exportsgrowth model, and, their effects on the aforemen tinned relationship investigated. The primary units of analysis are developing countries, although the study is also relevant to regional development. Particularly when developing countries may be conceived as regional units, except that many of the decisions governing economic growth in the former are made at the national level. The paper is organized as follows: the next section documents the theoritical and empirical underpinnings of export optimism as well as export pessimism , and their resulting polarized positions . The model for investigating integration is introduced next, followed by a discussion of the data and results. The paper ends with a summary of the findings and their implications. The Exportsgrowth Debate The question as to whether economic growth may be rapidly promoted through exports is characterized by two schools of thought: Export optimism. Export optimists consider trade to be an engine of growth and place much confidence in the role of prices to allocate resources efficiently. Countries or regions that are able to pete in their exports enhance their economic growth because this increases productivity and specialization, and improves efficiency through better resource allocation. Drawing on the principles of classical parative advantage as well as ventforsurplus and staple theories (see for example Myint 1958。 Kravis 1973。 Riedel 1987). In the second viewpoint, the success of exportled growth is said to rest on a favorable trade environment which depends on the economic prosperity of core regions. This demandoriented viewpoint suggests that exports are not expected to expand faster than the demand for them by core regions (. Lewis 1980。 North 1955。 Dodaro 1993。 Kavoussi 1984。 Syron and Walsh 1968。 Riedel 1988). All these motivated the World Bank (1987。s (1988) study contradicts Balassa39。s petitiveness. Ho39。s viewpoint, the contribution of exports to economic growth is affected by both external demand as well as a country or region39。出口促進(jìn)增長，因?yàn)樗鼈兇碳そ?jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)因素的有效使用，使一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)保持競爭力（巴格瓦蒂 1988 年；卡拉維斯 1973 年；里德爾 1987 年）。 文獻(xiàn)兩極分化的一個(gè)結(jié)果是，地區(qū)試圖發(fā)展往往采用二元形式發(fā)展模型。越來越多的文 獻(xiàn)也表明，兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)綜合的優(yōu)點(diǎn)值得仔細(xì)看看（如 Gereffi,1989）。兩個(gè)變量，世界需求和競爭力，鎖定需求為導(dǎo)向以及供給為導(dǎo)向的解釋的出口增長與收入增長的關(guān)系的機(jī)制首先建立。 本文結(jié)構(gòu)如下：下一部分是出口悲觀以及出口樂觀的理論和實(shí)證基礎(chǔ)，和它們所帶來的兩級分化的立場。古典的繪圖以比較優(yōu)勢的原則，及通風(fēng)的過剩和主食的理論（例如見敏 1958 年，北美 1955 年， 1961年），出口樂觀者指出潛在收益的出現(xiàn)是由于貿(mào)易的結(jié)果。 出口有助于克服一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)的有限市場，并提供一個(gè)剩余未供國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品出口。其他令人信服的理由，包括由發(fā)展中國家需要賺取外匯，以資助工業(yè)化的進(jìn)口，以及豐富的勞動(dòng)力的部署，以便它使就業(yè)和工資增長（克魯格曼， 1988 年）。所有這些計(jì)劃，經(jīng)過世界銀行（ 1987年， 1993 年）批準(zhǔn)，作為發(fā)展中國家的主要發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略來促進(jìn)出口。出口悲觀主義者主
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