專家系統(tǒng)方法以盡量減少人才外流的影響外文翻譯-全文預覽
【正文】 tems approach to minimize the effects of brain drain Naveed Saleem Abbas N. Azad Brain drain inflicts serious economic and social hardships on developing countries. Consequently, these countries resort to such measures as governmental regulations and economic incentives, which aim to slow down emigration of their skilled professionals. However, these measures prove generally ineffective. Furthermore, predictive research on brain drain finds only further increase in, rather than any decline of, the exodus of skilled professionals from developing countries, which exacerbates the brain drain problem. This paper advocates the use of expert systems to alleviate the scarcity of expertise caused by brain drain. The use of expert systems for this purpose appears logical, because these systems have been successfully used to bat similar problems in developed countries. INTRODUCTION Brain drain, the emigration of trained professionals to other countries, is a matter of great concern to developing countries. Brain drain jeopardizes a country39。s skills in the home country bees a source of frustration to the trained professionals, which motivates them to look abroad for employment. This frustration is wellspoken by a university professor in Mexico, who plained, I am a . from Stanford and I cannot afford to buy a used Volkswagen (Tangeman, 1989, p. A47). Economic considerations aside, when an uncertain political environment occurs in the home country, this event also sparks an exodus of the professional talent. For example, China39。s chronic brain drain to other countries (Tangeman, 1989). Likewise, Greek authorities have acknowledged that their country just cannot afford the economic incentives needed to attract Greek expatriates back to Greece (Manasian, 1988). Thus, the traditional approaches to slow down brain drain have had an extremely limited success. PREDICTIVE EVIDENCE ON BRAIN DRAIN TREND Various studies have examined the prospects of a slowdown in the rate of brain drain from the developing countries. The results of these studies strongly suggest that prospects of such slowdown, if any, are very limited. One study, Kwok and Leland (1982) examines the issue as to why students from developing countries do not return to their home country from the USA after receipt of their advanced degrees. They argue that the economic incentives are not the only cause for this problem. Rather, they hypothesize, individuals of high abilities are not motivated to return because their perceptions remain that the employers in their home country may not fully appreciate nor utilize their abilities. The results of this study support their hypothesis. Consequently, economic considerations, as well as psychological ones, contribute to the loss of these scarce intellectual assets from the developing countries Lien (1987) extended the findings of Kwok and Leland (1982). This study argues that although the home country employers may not fully prehend the qualifications of prospective employees returning from abroad, usually the ranking of the schools, where the candidates studied, infers such qualifications to them. With this assumption, Lien developed a mathematical model of the possible behavior of individuals with advanced degrees. The result of the study suggests that exceptionally capable individuals remain unlikely to return to their home
畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1