【正文】 ive meetings cost . business as much as $37 billion annually. Negative sides of meetings:v Can39。re trying to solve a problem, develop a plan, or reach a decision, try to limit participation to between 6 and 12 people.Planning a Meetingv 3. Choose the Meeting Timev Monday morning meetings focus on the week’s work after the weekend.v Friday afternoon meetings aim to plete tasks that must be finished befor。t Make DecisionsDominant and Silent ParticipantsDeal with Small Fires but Not Larger IssuesKey Persons Don39。v Which supplier should we contract? v Should we introduce a new product line? v Should we delay production so we can work out a design flaw in our new keyboard?7W3Hv what 指目標與內(nèi)容，包括主體，目標，機能，性能等 why 指原因，包括任務，期望，背景，技術等 who 指人員，包括制造，行銷，流通，負責的主體等 where 指地點類，包括 環(huán)境，市場，區(qū)域，渠道等 when 指時間，包括期限，時機，預期等 whom 指買家，消費者，接收者 which 指附屬品 7W3Hv how to 如何做，指方式和手段，包括集體方案，詳實計劃，戰(zhàn)略方針 how much 價格成本，投入產(chǎn)出，綜效成果 how many 負面效益，各種量（問題，業(yè)務，工作） To Delegate Work （委派工作型會議）v Meetings to delegate are held to assign tasks to people or groups, who are then responsible for pleting those tasks. v It is necessary to hold a delegating meeting to clarify specific details. v Meetings to delegate often are followed by informational and decisionmaking meetings. To Collaborate（合作型會議）v Collaborative meetings are sessions in which participants work together, to organize plex memos, letters, or reports. v Collaborative efforts succeed only if people work together as a team. To Persuade Others (說服型會議)v Persuasive meetings involve oral presentations to achieve a group consensus and support for a course of action. v For example, a persuasive meeting may present the merits of specific electronic product or build enthusiasm for purchasing the product.Task:v See Ugly Betty and discuss which types their meeting belongs to.Task:v What do you think of the advantages and disadvantages of meetings? Good news about meetings :v Meetings are empowering. v Meetings are a great way to municate. v Meetings develop work skills and leadership. v Meetings are morale boosting.Negative sides of meetings:v Mr. Bigwig has been trying to make a point for the past 47 minutes and you still can39。 ? analyze general sites of rhetorical contrasts in business munication。Numbers? 按美國習慣, 最為通用日期的寫法，月、日、年，月份用英文，日和年用阿拉伯數(shù)字。 ? 在低語境文化中，語言傳達了大多數(shù)信息，語境和參與者方面只包含極少的信息。? 東方語言中段落的發(fā)展是繞著主題團團轉(zhuǎn),而不直接從主題入手展開討論,語篇的主題往往采用迂回的方式來加以闡述與發(fā)展,文中夾雜著似乎與主題沒有直接聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容,段落組織呈螺旋型You are very beautifulNo, no. / Where, where. “哪里哪里”是中國人的謙虛之詞，但是應該說thank you.? Kaplan認為來自不同文化背景的學生，使用的書面話語模式不同，這種不同不是語法等表面上的差異，而是指作者在論證命題、連句成段方面的差異.? 由此Kaplan認為學生的母語修辭或思維模式對其第二語言寫作具有負面效應，正是學生的母語文化影響了學生目的語的寫作質(zhì)量.? 他指出中國學生在英文寫作中喜歡用間接方法就是受到古漢語八股文的影響。 logic and rhetoric able to contend. ? 歷史使人明智；詩詞使人靈秀；數(shù)學使人周密；自然哲學使人深刻；倫理使人莊重；邏輯辭學使人善辯。 poems witty。 Secretarial work has expanded since 1960 and there are not enough skilled secretaries to cope with projected office needs. Essential Tipsw Page 64w After studying this chapter, students should be able to:w ★ describe the definition of a summary。 New technology have produced more information to be dealt with. 216。 Problems and Solutionsw A summary must agree with the original material in two ways: in the presentation of factual information and in the emphasis given the information. w Wood posts can be expected to last at least 30 years if they have been pressure treated and handled properly. w Pressuretreated and properly handled wood posts last at least 30 years. w Do not misrepresent the emphasis placed on information in the original material. w Do not overemphasize or underemphasize the information. w Do not emphasize a minor point in the original report. Do the task on page 63 Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless. Summary Writing for Narrative and Exposition（記敘文和說明文的概要寫作）Temporary Help A Specialist Servicew Despite record unemployment, there are simply not enough adequately skilled secretaries in Manchester to cope with projected office needs in the next few years. Secretarial work is one of the few areas of the economy that has expanded since 1960 regardless of recession.w 首先通讀原文 w 標題 Temporary Help A Specialist ServiceThe Need for Temporary Secretarial Help in Manchester Summary Writing省掉 了原文中一些不必要的單詞、短語和填充物 216。 One method of conducting a market survey is known as “direct mail shot”. In other words, it is sending your pany’s advertisements or product information directly to the customer’s residence.w Essential: First sentence (實質(zhì)信息：第一句)w Inessential: Second sentence (非實質(zhì)信息：第二句)Summary Writing6．修改初稿。5．寫初稿。在這樣做的時候，1）必要的（essential）。 then check the summary for accuracy of fact and emphasis.Summary Writing1．仔細閱讀原文，直到完全讀懂為止。w Find headings for the different paragraphs。 該主題句是以疑問句的形式表達肯定的意思，即“There are several ways of protecting yourself from the danger of lightening.”。 嚴格遵守篇幅的限制，通常為原文篇幅的1/3或1/4。 概要寫作要求在正確理解文章的基礎上，用精煉的詞句高度濃縮文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點，不應包含細節(jié)、例證以及資料性、闡述性的內(nèi)容。216。概要寫作 ≠ 心得感想Objective and Faithful內(nèi)容客觀，忠實原文 216。 A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer position.216。t repr. life as was。When reading or listening, your mind may tend to wander off. In some cases, it is legitimate to pare outes with classmates, not to change your answer, but to look for any anomalies異?，F(xiàn)象 between the groups and discuss those. l Analyze the strengths and limitations of your experimental design. Usually you will have discussed these in the introduction. In this section move from the results to the theory. How well has the theory been illustrated? If an experiment was within the tolerances, you can still account for the difference from the ideal. If the flaws re