【正文】 sult from the experimental design explain how the design might be improved. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the specific element in a metal powder sample by determining its crystal structure and atomic radius. l Quick Introduction Reference l Must Have: 1. Purpose of the experiment 2. Important background and/or theory l May include: 1. Description of specialized equipment 2. Justification of experiment39。1. Definition of Laboratory Reportsl Laboratory reports document laboratory procedures and their results. l Laboratory reports may be one ponent of a research project or may demonstrate technical capability and pliance with contracts.Classification of Laboratory Reports l According to purpose there are l Academic laboratory reports l 學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告l Industry laboratory test reports l 工業(yè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告l Page 8283Classification of Laboratory ReportsGenre Features of Laboratory Reports l Communicative Purposes: l Document your findings l Communicate their significancel Present the results of research or testingLinguistic Features of laboratory Reportsl Objective and impersonall Specific and factuall Consistent and coherentl Clear and concisel Persuasive and convincingl Page 85Formal Laboratory Reportsl The Cover Material :l Title Page l Table of contentsFormal Laboratory Reportsl The Body of the Reportl Abstractl Introduction l Equipment and Componentsl Procedure usedl Results /Observationsl Analysis and Discussionl Summary/Conclusion Formal Laboratory ReportsInformal Laboratory Reports The name of the proceduresl A data sheetl Calculationsl See page 864. Techniques for Writing Laboratory Reportsl Title Page（標(biāo)題頁(yè)）：標(biāo)題的提煉和制作要明確、簡(jiǎn)練，直接反映所研究的對(duì)象、范圍、方向和問題。人們通過實(shí)驗(yàn)、觀察、分析、綜合、判斷，如實(shí)地將實(shí)驗(yàn)過程和結(jié)果記錄下來，經(jīng)過整理而寫成書面報(bào)告。l rules of practice for writing laboratory reports。l understand the language features of laboratory reports。l explain the municative purposes of laboratory reports。l understand the principles for writing laboratory reports。l 在學(xué)習(xí)和科研活動(dòng)中，為了檢驗(yàn)?zāi)撤N科學(xué)理論或假設(shè)，往往要進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。 Worse yet, each professor wants something a little different. l The information should clearly enable readers to decide whether they need to read your whole report. l The abstract should be one paragraph of 100200 words 4. Techniques for Writing Laboratory Reportsl The Introduction (簡(jiǎn)介)is more narrowly focused than the abstract. l It states the objective of the experiment and provides the reader with background to the experiment. State the topic of your report clearly and concisely, in one or two sentences:Introductionl A good introduction also provides whatever background theory, previous research, or formulas the reader needs to know. l Usually, an instructor does not want you to repeat the lab manual, but to show your own prehension of the problem. Example: Was it avoidable? Was it a result of equipment? Often undergraduate labs are intended to illustrate important physical laws.d better know the metal and its attributes. l Compare your results to similar investigations.l References include your lab manual and any outside reading you have done.Sample Student Laboratory Report l Sample Student Laboratory Report Informal Test ReportsPrinciples of Writing Laboratory Reportsl Be concise in your choice of words. l State your ideas as directly as possible. l Write to express, not to impress. l Be positive in your information. l Use appropriate style and tone. l Avoid abbreviations unless the word is monly abbreviated. Principles of Writing Laboratory Reportsl Avoid unintentional repetition. l Use of general rather than specific words: l Word use for precisionl Use strong conjunctions. l Remove overly descriptive words. Definition of Notetaking Notetaking is the practice of recording information captured from a transient (短暫的）source, such as an oral discussion at a meeting, or a lecture. The importance of taking notes w Extend your attention span. Techniques for Taking NotesThe Cornell Method Page Layout of the Outline Method Extrasensory perception(超感官知覺） 1. definition: means of perceiving 2. three kinds:w a. telepathy: sending messagesw b. clairvoyance: forecasting the futurew c. psychokinesis: perceiving events w external to situationw 3. current statusw a. no current research to support or w refutew b. few psychologists say impossiblew Time People Affair Consequence w ◎ Before the Burglary Watergate w ◎ summer of 1972 Nixon in Watergate political scandalw Mel didn39。 A summary is a short version of a longer text, and it gives only the main points. 216。w The summary omits introductory matter, details, examples, illustrations—everything except the major ideas and facts.Classification of Summariesw Descriptive Summary 描述型概要w Informative Summary 信息型概要w Evaluative Summary 評(píng)價(jià)型概要Descriptive Summary 描述型概要w A descriptive summary is often referred to as a descriptive abstract.w In the descriptive summary, you inject no personal feelings or thoughts, presenting the main points of the material objectively.w See Sample61, 62, 63, 64Informative Summary 信息型概要w The informative summary tells what is in the work in a paragraph to several pages, depending on the length of the original. w Present the main points of the material objectively. w The original work is condensed in two ways: the material is briefly rephrased or nonessential matter is cut out. w See Sample 65Evaluative Summary 評(píng)價(jià)型概要w A summary may ment on accuracy, pleteness, and usefulness of a piece of writing. w Include your own reactions, your though