【正文】 ts and feelings, along with a report on the main facts in the material. w It has no specific length. Generally the summary is no longer than 10 percent of the original. w See Sample 66What kind of summary is it?Computer Crime The author addresses the criminology of puter crime—why puters are chosen as targets for criminal purposes and how to secure them against such unlawful uses. The strengths and weaknesses of existing prosecutorial and investigatory machinery are explored. Federal and state laws governing puter crime reanalyzed. The evidentiary problems in prosecuting and convicting puter criminals and current cases are examined.Key: It is a descriptive summary (Summary of a Book Review). Communicative Purposes of Summaries w The purposes of summaries is to inform, to present, the principal facts and conclusions given in the original work. w Giving summaries is part of the work in the business munity, such as reports, articles, speeches, or discussions being condensed for a superior too busy to read or hear the original. w 概要的交際目的是讓讀者盡快了解文章的主要內(nèi)容。 概要是使用讀者自己的語言對一篇較長文章的基本內(nèi)容加以總結(jié)，不是對原文進(jìn)行釋義，或變換措辭，而是在原文內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上的提煉。 It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. 216。 however, it should generally be no more than onethird or onefourth the length of the original. 216。How can you protect yourself from the danger of lightning? For one thing, when you are at home, keep away from the stove, fireplace, and windows. For another, don’t take a bath or a shower during a storm, as water carries electricity easily. Third, if you are outdoors, get into a building or car, if possible. Fourth, stay off hilltop and away from any tree or tower that stands by itself. Fifth, if you can’t get away quickly from a beach, a field, or other open place, lie down until the storm moves away. w 例文的主要內(nèi)容是告訴人們?nèi)绾尾拍鼙苊馐茏匀滑F(xiàn)象雷電的打擊，該段的主題句是：“How can you protect yourself from the danger of lightening？”。w Divide the text into paragraphs。w Reread the original work。Sales promotionsThe effects of promotional efforts on the last three months’ salesmicro puters Report on the value of micro puters in the accounts department recent correspondence Summary of correspondence with Worldwide Dealers Company within the last 6 weeksSummary Writing4．寫下原文中其他的思想和要點(diǎn)。在做摘要的時(shí)候，必須包括要點(diǎn)。找出下面段落中實(shí)質(zhì)性信息和非實(shí)質(zhì)性信息。檢查概要中確切字?jǐn)?shù)、拼寫、語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。 New technologies have proliferated the volume of information that must be processed, transmitted, filed and retrieved. 216。 Secretarial work has expanded since 1960 and despite record unemployment there are still not enough skilled secretaries in Manchester to cope with projected office needs. 216。w ★ learn the techniques of summary writing. w Thank you!w See you next week!What is munication?? Communication is an exchange of messages between individuals for the purpose of creating or influencing the meaning that others assign to events.The Process of CommunicationSenders/Source（信息發(fā)送者） Receivers（信息接收者）? Participants in the munication process who municate messages to an audience are called senders. ? Receivers are the audience to whom messages are directed.Encoding（編碼）Decoding（解碼）? The activity of the sender choosing certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message is called encoding. ? The activity of the receiver attaching meaning to the words or symbols that the sender sends is called decoding. Feedback（信息反饋）? Feedback consists of messages—verbal and nonverbal—that convey a reaction to the municator’s message.Channel （渠道）Noise（干擾因素）? It refers to all the factors that interfere with the exchange of messages. – Internal noise– External noise(最典型)– Semantic noiseContext（語境） ? The munication context refers to the situation in which munication takes place and to every factor affecting its transmission.– Physical context– Social context– Interpersonal contextChapter 2Contrastive Rhetoric in Technical Communication對比修辭學(xué)Chapter OutlineWhat is rhetoric?Francis Bacon? Histories make men wise。 moral grave。What is culture?What do you know about Chinese culture?Tea CeremonyWhat do you know about American culture?在1966年, Kaplan對約600篇英語作為第二語言的作文進(jìn)行了對比分析, 發(fā)現(xiàn)文化背景不同,英語作為第二語言的學(xué)生寫作段落的組織模式也不同。高語境文化對周圍的事物和環(huán)境更加敏感，不通過語言也能傳達(dá)他們的感情。? 翻譯的預(yù)期目的主要是原文和譯文在信息內(nèi)容、說話方式、文體、文風(fēng)、語言、文化、社會(huì)因素諸方面達(dá)到對等，使原文讀者的反應(yīng)與譯文讀者的反應(yīng)達(dá)到對等。? understand the relationship between culture, language and rhetoric。General sites of rhetorical contrastsSpecific Sites of Rhetorical Contrasts in Business CommunicationChapter 3 MeetingsMany hands make light work. John HeywoodMeetings matter because that’s where an organization’s culture perpetuates itself. William R. Daniels, senior consultant at ACTv Meetings—whether they are good or bad—are a sign of an organization’s health. Chapter Outline1. Definition of Meetingsv Meetings are a type of theatre where managers observe and evaluate the performance and progress of subordinates.v Effective meetings need petent participants, organization, and effective leadership.To Inform(通知型會(huì)議)v In many organizations, people meet regularly to exchange information. v In many office groups, the Monday morning meeting is an important tool for informing group members about new developments, emerging trends, and the ing week’s tasks. To Develop New Ideas（探討型會(huì)議）v At this meeting, participants suggest new ideas in an open, democratic atmosphere. It also develops new procedures, programs, and so forth.v Usually, A Brainstorm occurs in this type of meeting, which is a sudden realization, thought or idea.v A great deal of the oral munication that takes place in the workplace happens in small group meetings. To Make Decisions （決策型會(huì)議）v Decisionmaking meetings bring people and panies together to debate an issue, reconcile conflicting views, and make a decision。t Finish on TimeCan3