【正文】 其他組織的合作項(xiàng)目來源；（ 5）與最終用戶的合作項(xiàng)目來源。 通常這種性質(zhì)的資金技術(shù)創(chuàng)新研究為基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用工作準(zhǔn)備的。行業(yè)中的 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新組織 的作用，是保持和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展中發(fā)輝至關(guān)重要的作用。 。 也顯示出資金來源和擁有深入的行 業(yè)知識(shí)是創(chuàng)新的重要推動(dòng)力。提供資金的機(jī)構(gòu)目的在行業(yè)范圍內(nèi)，以刺激英國(guó)能源消耗的減少，當(dāng)然，他們更多是為了新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和商業(yè)產(chǎn)值的導(dǎo)向基礎(chǔ)上的研究和項(xiàng)目提供資金。因此，往往尋求外部資金。（ 2）建設(shè)研究設(shè)施 。 變現(xiàn)回報(bào) 一旦已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)，它被出售或應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)，就可以從它的使用效果或者收益判斷出這個(gè)技術(shù)是成功或者失敗。創(chuàng)新這個(gè)工作性質(zhì)的不同于生產(chǎn)，有時(shí) 可長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)十年。無論是事實(shí)還是虛構(gòu)的，這凸顯了兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目技術(shù)至關(guān)的作用。皮爾 金頓想要制作平面玻璃，但不確定如何做到這一點(diǎn)。經(jīng)常在一些技術(shù)性的文獻(xiàn)中提到，在陶瓷行業(yè)對(duì)人才非常重視。因此，許多外部資助的項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃和管理程序被確定為資助機(jī)構(gòu)和創(chuàng)新組織之間的合同協(xié)議。因此，他們尋求外部資金和項(xiàng)目管理的支持。這是在陶瓷行業(yè)，有效的組織，規(guī)劃，調(diào)度和實(shí) 施創(chuàng)新是非常重要的，沒有什么不同。 各種發(fā)展的工業(yè)認(rèn)為，坦克和戰(zhàn)略方向的團(tuán)體，例如，制造改進(jìn)會(huì)，研究項(xiàng)目的引進(jìn)，類似于此，強(qiáng)調(diào)以進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新過程具確定的意愿。發(fā)展各種工業(yè)認(rèn)為，坦克和戰(zhàn)略方向的團(tuán)體，例如，制造改進(jìn)會(huì)，研究項(xiàng)目的引進(jìn)，類似于此，強(qiáng)調(diào)以進(jìn)一步 cognise 創(chuàng)新過程具有一定的意愿。 他們與監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)，以及企業(yè)的合作，也讓他們占盡地利，并提供他們的行業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。陶藝工業(yè)生產(chǎn)商的理想是在機(jī)器的一端放入原材料，在機(jī)器的另一端成品就出來了。 今天，新技術(shù)的重要性對(duì)英國(guó)的陶瓷生產(chǎn)與日俱增。當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)陶工在特倫特斯托克河畔開始他們的陶瓷生產(chǎn)，迅速地由一個(gè)工藝作坊轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)行業(yè)。明頓和斯波德喬賽亞在 18 世紀(jì)在英國(guó)斯塔福德郡成立了陶器聯(lián)盟，合并成為特倫 特河畔斯托克。回顧以往的和當(dāng)前的創(chuàng)新，根據(jù)同行業(yè)中的案例分析，其中包括用突出創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新取得成功的例子。 通常情況下，創(chuàng)新在行業(yè)中發(fā)揮的作用是至關(guān)重要的。尼科爾韻母自，彼得 Thirkell， ASHISH 的的辛哈研究要素的最佳解釋企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)通過一個(gè)激進(jìn)的，高科技創(chuàng)新。安娜一項(xiàng)調(diào)查檢查中國(guó)企業(yè)跨越多個(gè)部門和繪制有趣的結(jié)果關(guān)系的兩種不同的影響。這個(gè)特殊的問題，涵蓋了廣泛的創(chuàng)新研究，但它主要集中在上述關(guān)鍵主題，從而促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界。作為設(shè)計(jì)公司在許多不同的國(guó)家和制造自己的產(chǎn)品，國(guó)家的原產(chǎn)地（ COO）的概念已經(jīng)演變成多的國(guó)家之一。他們盡量減少在許多方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外，理論和實(shí)證字的口線上活動(dòng)的成效的工作將加強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者創(chuàng)新采用行為的理解。開發(fā)一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的譚文卡塔斯，戴維斯，莫里斯因此，更多的技術(shù)研究通過需要，而不是集中在國(guó)家一級(jí)通過個(gè)人或公司級(jí)的。其次，企業(yè)尋求在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的增長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)在技術(shù)的商業(yè)化的過程中變得越來越重要。雖然許多創(chuàng)新研究的巨大文學(xué)回答對(duì)上述問題，無論是學(xué)者和從業(yè)者仍然面臨著挑戰(zhàn)，解決諸如以下的問題 ： ？ ？ ？ ？在創(chuàng)新采納和擴(kuò)散？ ，消費(fèi)者， 以及如何營(yíng)銷應(yīng)該響應(yīng)他們呢？ ？ 我們簡(jiǎn)要地討論上述六個(gè)問題。由于蘇丹，法利，萊曼（ 1990）在 AMETA 分析報(bào)告學(xué)習(xí)，創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散模型，其中包括著名的 Bass模型和及其變種，已成為非常有效以及高效?？紤]到關(guān)鍵字“創(chuàng)新”是流行的跨所有業(yè)務(wù)學(xué)術(shù)小類研究，它可能是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的猜測(cè)。在最后一節(jié)，來賓編輯承認(rèn)這一特殊問題的貢獻(xiàn)者。它收到 1000 多份意見書?！斑@是一種榮譽(yù)和合作”客座編輯如是說。 (4) collaborative projects with RTO and member panies and (5) with endusers. However, as referred to, the ceramics industry is proliferated by panies that do not have the financial resources to fund internally. Therefore, external funding is often sought. Sources of external funding include both the UK government (for example, DTI, Energy Technology Support Unit) and European Commission (for example, Joule, Themie). Funding of this nature is usually available for both the basic and more applied research efforts. An example is ETSU, who manage the Energy Efficiency Best Practice programme on behalf of the Government. They offer funding to organisations in a range of industries, for projects that seek, as their aim, to stimulate a reduction in the UK energy consumption. They offer funds for both basic research and more applied and mercially orientated projects. 6. Summary and conclusions The ceramics industry illustration reiterates many previously identified antecedents to technological innovation and also brings to the fore other influences not previously emphasised. The role of the RTO in the industry is vital to maintain and further technological development. In an industry, such as ceramics, that is so geographically close, the RTO facilitates munications that not only allows panies to pete within, but also to collectively contest with an ever increasing foreign petition. Sources of funding and possessing individuals with indepth knowledge of the industry are also shown to be important facilitators of innovation. Again, these are two areas in which the industry39。t handle it from the inception point in anything other than with business objectives at the end. Much of this project planning and consequent management is, however, very dependent on the source of funding for innovation. As emphasised above, many ceramics panies do not have the resources to innovate beyond incremental improvements and amendments, in the form of product range additions, etc. Therefore, they seek external funding and project management support. Such sources include government, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and European Commission funding. However, when such funding is secured, there are often concrete targets set and deliverables required by the funding source. This is because, today, much Government and European funding for mercial research and technology transfer requires prehensive justification. Consequently, much of the planning and management procedures for externally funded projects are determi ned as a result of contractual agreements between the funding body and the innovating organisation. An example of this, in the Ceramics industry, is Airless Drying. Another significant organisation and management related influence on innovation in the ceramicsindustry is that of personalities。 manufacturing one cup, tile or brick as mentioned previously. To respond to this, revolutionary production units were established, the forerunner to this being Wedgwood. Much of the industry then witnessed an extended period of consolidation and, up until the middle of the twentieth century, the manufacturing of ceramics goods had hardly changed from the revolutionary production units of 200 years ago. Today, new technology is of increasing importance to the UK ceramic producer. With increased petition from both other materials (for example, glass and plastic) and foreign markets, the need for new technology to provide faster throughput times and greater reliability is of great importance. The majority of this innovation activity is concerned with making ceramic goods quicker, cheaper, more reliable and long lasting. Increased mechanisation is also being sought in the majority of the main manufacturers from tile, sanitaryware and tableware manufactures: The industrial potter39。 Madhok amp。 innovation adoption behavior. Fifth, consumer behavior research in the context of hightech marketing needs to further address the strategic behavior of con