20xx年電大管理方法與藝術(shù)期末復(fù)習(xí)題答案(文件)
【正文】 什么，并注意他們用最好、最經(jīng)濟的方法去干。 從管理學(xué)的觀點看，決策的最古老和直接的含義就是，在若干可供選擇的行動方案中作出抉擇。所以，決策就是人們?yōu)榱诉_到一定目 標(biāo)，在掌握充分的信息和對有關(guān)情況進行深刻分析的基礎(chǔ)上，用科學(xué)的方法擬定并評估各種方案，從中選出合理方案的過程。 決策實際上是一個 “ 決策 — 實施 — 再決策 — 再實施 ” 的連續(xù)不斷的循環(huán)過程，貫穿于全部管理活動的始終，貫穿于管理的各種職能活 動中，即貫穿于計劃、組織、人員配備、指導(dǎo)與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和控制活動之中。重要的溝通最好事先征求他人意見，每次溝通要解決什么問題，達到什么目的，不僅溝通清楚，要盡量使被溝通者也清楚。但一般經(jīng)理都不是一個好聽眾，效率只有 25%。 ④提倡平行溝通 所謂平行溝通指車間與車間、科室與科室、科室與車間等組織系統(tǒng)中同一個層次之間的相互溝通。日常的協(xié)調(diào)應(yīng)盡量鼓勵平級之間進行。 一個企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者每天應(yīng)到車間科室轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)，主動問問有些什么情況和問題，多和當(dāng)事者商量。 克服溝通障礙不只是工作方法問題，更根本的是管理理念問題。t do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270squarefoot (25squaremeter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds. Even if everything goes as planned, it won39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our daytoday weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest ( miles/ kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of mercial airliners ( miles/ kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( 專業(yè)好文檔 Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. Below, the Earth bees the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s celebrations said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his plaint. CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the Ivorian and the British media. Blatter, 77, said: It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them. It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense. We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination. This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimi
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