【正文】
取得學(xué)習(xí)的成功,學(xué)習(xí)的成功又反過(guò)來(lái)增強(qiáng)動(dòng)機(jī)” (Vivian Cook, 2021)。中學(xué)生 一、引言 動(dòng)機(jī)( Motivation)一直被認(rèn)為是外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。 河南大學(xué)民生學(xué)院 本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文 論中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的激發(fā)和培養(yǎng) 作 者 系 (院) 外國(guó)語(yǔ) 學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 英 語(yǔ) (師范 ) 年 級(jí) 10 級(jí)專升本 學(xué) 號(hào) 指導(dǎo)老師 論文成績(jī) 日 期 2021 年 06 月 第 3頁(yè) 論中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的激發(fā)和培養(yǎng) (河南大學(xué)民生學(xué)院 河南 開封 475000) 摘 要: 學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)與 學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)及教師的教學(xué) 效果 有著密切的聯(lián)系,因此,激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)搞好英語(yǔ)教學(xué)有著十分重要的意義。 Corder 有一句話常常被引用:“只要有學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),誰(shuí)都能學(xué)會(huì)一門語(yǔ)言”。因此,我們教師了解和激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)是教學(xué)成功的重要條件。同時(shí),他們又是社會(huì)性的個(gè)體,其英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)必然受到環(huán)境的影響和制約。例如,通過(guò)學(xué)生對(duì)任務(wù)的選擇、努力的程度、對(duì)困難的態(tài)度和堅(jiān)定性等,可以推測(cè)出學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的指向性,即興趣、愛(ài)好和方向;也可以推測(cè)出學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的強(qiáng)度以及維持時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短等。誠(chéng)如邵瑞珍主編的《學(xué)與教的心理學(xué)》( 1991 年)一 書中所說(shuō)的那樣:“動(dòng)機(jī)是驅(qū)使人們活動(dòng)的一種動(dòng)因或力量,包括個(gè)人的意圖、愿望、心理沖突或企圖達(dá)到的目標(biāo)等。教育的主要職責(zé)之一是要讓學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)本身發(fā)生興趣。 三、激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要性 根據(jù)現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)的描述,動(dòng)機(jī)有三大功能:激發(fā)功能;選擇和指向功能;維持和調(diào)節(jié)功能。動(dòng)機(jī)與學(xué)習(xí)之間的關(guān)系是典型的相輔相成的關(guān)系,高的動(dòng)機(jī)水平可以取得很高的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī),高的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)反過(guò)來(lái)增強(qiáng)高的動(dòng)機(jī)水平。 學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)與學(xué)習(xí)的積 極性、學(xué)習(xí)效果之間有著極為緊密的關(guān)連。要關(guān)注每位學(xué)生的情感,激發(fā)他們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣,幫助他們建立學(xué)習(xí)的成就感和自信心。例如:在教授人體部位一課時(shí),為了避免學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)的發(fā)音困難和感覺(jué)枯燥的問(wèn)題,就可以借助歌曲“ Eye and Ear and Mouth and Nose”來(lái)輔助教學(xué),讓學(xué)生一邊唱一邊學(xué),以唱促學(xué),以學(xué)優(yōu)唱,并在唱的同時(shí)輔以手勢(shì),不僅提高了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,還 大大降低了學(xué)習(xí)難度,并且增強(qiáng)了對(duì)單詞的理解與記憶。帶進(jìn)課堂的實(shí)物教具選擇一般是容易找到和方便攜帶的小物品,實(shí)物教具可用來(lái)教學(xué)名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞以及相關(guān)的一些短語(yǔ)等。又如,在學(xué)習(xí)一些動(dòng)詞后,每組可以抽一位同學(xué)到講臺(tái)前做動(dòng)作,做錯(cuò)就坐回座位,下面的同學(xué)輪流念動(dòng)詞單詞,堅(jiān)持到最后的同學(xué)就是勝利者。對(duì) 他們所學(xué)的東西進(jìn)行及時(shí)鞏固,就能降低遺忘率。?? ( 5)游戲助興 游戲是學(xué)生喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的活動(dòng)形式 。游戲 Hide and ,讓學(xué)生在游戲中復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí),鞏固新知識(shí),寓教于樂(lè),寓教于活動(dòng)中,有利于增長(zhǎng)其參與意識(shí)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí),激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,有效地激發(fā)了學(xué)生口語(yǔ)交際的熱情,在輕松愉快的氛圍中進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)交際,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。提問(wèn)要照顧不同程度的同學(xué),難易應(yīng)有所差異,對(duì)于學(xué)生的任何進(jìn)步,老師應(yīng)盡量予以肯定和表?yè)P(yáng);討論、辯論先以小組進(jìn)行,再進(jìn)行個(gè)人總結(jié),這 樣既照顧到個(gè)體差異,也能發(fā)揮外語(yǔ)特長(zhǎng)生的優(yōu)勢(shì);教師對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的及時(shí)講評(píng)也很關(guān)鍵,尤其是作文講評(píng)。 首 先,教師要給學(xué)生親切感,信任感。蘇霍姆林斯基說(shuō):“讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到一種自己在親身參與掌握知識(shí)的情感,乃是喚起少年特有的對(duì)知識(shí)的興趣的重要條件。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)較差的和學(xué)習(xí)上出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的學(xué)生,課堂上也不要隨便批評(píng),說(shuō)些“ Try again”,“ Don39。和諧的課堂氣氛能使學(xué)生的感知過(guò)程不受阻礙,同時(shí)也使記憶、思維能力得到改善。因此,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)以鼓勵(lì)、贊賞為主。 同時(shí)評(píng)價(jià)必須客觀、公正和及時(shí)。進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)目的的教育,在于使學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的社會(huì)意義,把學(xué)習(xí)與崇高的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè),遠(yuǎn)大的理想結(jié)合起來(lái) ,從而形成長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的間接興趣和遠(yuǎn)景的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),產(chǎn)生正確的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度,提高學(xué)習(xí)的熱情和學(xué)習(xí)的自覺(jué)性。學(xué)習(xí)興趣是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要心理成分。一首短歌,一篇散文,一首英文詩(shī)都可以拿來(lái)讓學(xué)生欣賞。 培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,把注意吸引到學(xué)習(xí)上來(lái),對(duì)少數(shù)毫無(wú)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和懶于學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生特別重要。索洛維契克認(rèn)為,“一個(gè)人只要心理上有所準(zhǔn)備,堅(jiān)信學(xué)習(xí)是一件有趣的事,對(duì)目前感到枯燥無(wú)味的學(xué)科認(rèn)真地學(xué)一學(xué),便會(huì)產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣。然而,一味地依靠外部動(dòng)機(jī),由于強(qiáng)度不夠,一旦移去,獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰等外部動(dòng)機(jī)也會(huì)衰退。因此在設(shè)置問(wèn)題情境時(shí)應(yīng)有不同的難度,要使每個(gè)人在他本人的基礎(chǔ)上獲得成功的機(jī)會(huì)。因此,培養(yǎng)和激發(fā)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的方法也是多種多樣的,只要我們能夠充分認(rèn)識(shí)到加強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的培養(yǎng)與激發(fā)的重要性,并且在教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷地探索和總結(jié),就一定能夠找出各種行之有效的方式方法,從而提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量,提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。cultivation。 learning motivation to improve English teaching is very important meaning. Through the study of the theory of modern education, this paper analyzes the English learning motivation to encourage and train importance。 Inspire。 learning motivation is important to the success of an teaching conditions. In English teaching, motivation has been the key for the teaching, whether it is listening, speaking, reading and writing grammar teaching, if can39。 English learning motivation strategy, in hopes of the middle school English teaching has certain practical significance. Second, the meaning of motivation, type Learning motivation is to point to by a learning objective individual or object, to inspire and guide to maintain learning activity intrinsic psychological process or internal power. This means that learning motivation is individual inner psychological process, it is can39。 learning motivation and maintain the strength of the length of time, etc. Motivation is from a certain learning goals or objects, stimulating and maintenance of guidance, here emphasizes the importance of learning goals, goals or object can guide, arouse and maintain individual learning. For example, students to realize three good student bee such a goal, can produce study power and try to overe difficulties, to be excellent results. Simply speaking, learning motivation is aroused and guide the individual behavior towards the power of learning goals. As ShaoRuiZhen editor of the learning and teaching psychology (1991) in the book had said that: motivation is driving people a reason or activities, including the intention of the personal power and desire, psychological conflict or attempt to achieve goals. Cognitive psychologists think, motivation can be divided into the internal motive (or internal driving force) (Intrinsic motivation) and external motivation (or external incentives) (Extrinsic motivation). The internal motive refers to the interest of the people to the event itself caused by 第 8 頁(yè) power, is a point to the task of learning motivation. For example, students the purpose of learning English is to gain knowledge of English, use English for munication. Education is one of the main responsibility of the students to take an interest in knowledge itself. Outside incentive effect on the students learning English is the external factors. For example, students39。 Maintain and adjust the function. Performance in English study, motivation can help students to build up the great aim, to improve their English level, overe learning difficulties, and in the petition conditions to get good grades。 emotional factors. In the students39。 English learning motivation to improve the teaching efficiency of English has the very vital significance. Four, English learning motivation to encourage and train (a) English learning motivation to spark 1. Use the variety of teaching means (1) the music of interest Will tell from the psychological characteristics, students in the singing, with the fluctuation of melody, in feel relax, pleasant, meet at the same 第 8 頁(yè) time, produce excited mood. Therefore, to use this form will sing in English teaching, can greatly improve the students39。 Three teams with different lengths of pencil pare: The red pencil is long. The blue one is longer than thered one. The yellow one is The longest of The three. (3) petition for optimal 第 8 頁(yè) Competition is learning motivation, arouse their learning enthusiasm effective means, because the petition can call up superiority