【正文】 渠道研究 XX 理工大學(xué) 全日制本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）承諾書 本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）《 基于宏觀調(diào)控下的小微型企業(yè)融資渠道研究》 是在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，嚴(yán)格按照學(xué)校和學(xué)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定由本人獨(dú)立完成。 承諾人（簽名）： 日 期： 基于宏觀調(diào)控下的小微型企業(yè)融資渠道研究 摘 要 隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，小微型企業(yè)也如雨后春筍般顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，雖不及大型企業(yè)和有悠久歷史的家族企業(yè)，但是一些數(shù)據(jù)也顯示了小微型企業(yè)對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出了不可小覷的貢獻(xiàn)。在這種宏觀信貸趨勢(shì)出現(xiàn)緊縮的環(huán)境下，小微型企業(yè)融資就成了一個(gè)難題。首先是小微型企業(yè)本身選擇的一些項(xiàng)目就不是盈利性大的大項(xiàng)目，這很難吸引銀行批準(zhǔn)給他們進(jìn)行貸款。這使得銀行的壓力也變得很大，再加上商業(yè)銀行信貸的緊縮現(xiàn)狀，就加劇了小微型企業(yè)融資的危機(jī)。 關(guān)鍵字： 小微型企業(yè) 融資途徑 宏觀信貸形勢(shì)趨緊 FINANCE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUMSIZED ENTERPRISES ABSTRACT W ith the developing of modern economy rapidly, small and mediumsized enterprises have sprung up around China. Although the contribution of small and mediumsized enterprises followed those major and family pony, their value for our country’s economy should never be ignored. Also the mediumsized enterprises could be an important power for our GDP, and it still has a huge potential. Under international finance crisis influence, so many countries all of the world have some adverse impacts for their economy, luck for no one, especially for small and mediumsized pony. Dealing with this attach, Chinese mercial bank appear some strict rules for the credit. The amount of loan was macroscopic economy trend of credit tightening, finance for small and mediumsized enterprises bee a question. For example, some small pony which are in Zhejiang province ask help for private lending which has a high interest and can not afford it in the end. So some entrepreneurs closed their pony and left China. This private lending wave has aroused wide public concern. This is the typical influence which caused by money running out and ethic risks. Mediumsized enterprises financing is a historical problem. These must have some reasons. Firstly, mediumsized pony’s project can not attract banks because of the low profit. Secondly, mediumsized enterprises exist strict ethic afraid that money can not be taken back at set time. It will influence bank’s daily business. In addition, China advocate that credit should be reduced after international financial crisis. The amount of credit was limited. So banks are more like to invest big pony which has good reputation. Then the mediumsized enterprises can hardly apply the credit. Because of the simple direct financing channels, most mediumsized enterprises rely on the bank’s loan. This make banks a lot of pressure. Plus the credit crunch situation of mercial banks,this aggravate the financing for mediumsized pony. Now, I will bine the old opinion and innovative views to find some effective ways for helping small pony to tickle their financing problem. For example, European Union’s experience, America’s mediumsized pony’s financing experience, and Japan and India’s experience. On this basis, I will look towards the future. KEYWORDS: small and mediumsized enterprises financing macroscopic economy trend of credit tightening 目 錄 中文摘要 ABSTRACT 第 1 章 緒 論 ............................................................. 1 研究背景、目的及意義 ............................................... 1 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及思路 ................................................. 3 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)及不足之處 ................................................... 3 第 2 章 小微型企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀及問(wèn)題 .......................................... 5 我國(guó)小微企業(yè)及融資的特點(diǎn) ........................................... 5 我國(guó)小微企業(yè)的特點(diǎn) ........................................... 5 我國(guó)小微型企業(yè)融資特點(diǎn) ....................................... 5 小微型企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀分析 ............................................. 6 融資途徑現(xiàn)狀分析 ............................................. 6 融資政策現(xiàn)狀分析 ............................................. 8 小微型企業(yè)融資存在的問(wèn)題 .......................................... 12 第 3 章 小微型企業(yè)融資 的國(guó)際案例及經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒 ............................... 13 歐盟發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家小微型企業(yè)融資經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒 ................................ 13 美國(guó)小微型企業(yè)融資體系及經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒 .................................. 14 日本小微型企業(yè)融資體系及經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒 .................................. 16 印度小微型企業(yè)融資體系及經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒 .................................. 17 第 4 章 宏觀調(diào)控下的小微型企業(yè)融資途徑分析 ................................ 19 小微型企業(yè)融資渠道分析 ............................................ 19 債權(quán)融資渠道 ................................................ 19 股權(quán)融資渠道 ................................................ 20 企業(yè)內(nèi)部融資渠道 ............................................ 22 通過(guò)上市來(lái)融資的渠道 ........................................ 23 項(xiàng)目融資渠道 ................................................ 25 新型融資類 .................................................. 26 夾層融資 .................................................... 27 宏觀調(diào)控下小微企業(yè)融資渠道選擇 .................................... 28 國(guó)內(nèi)銀行貸款 ................................................ 28 企業(yè)發(fā)行債券 ................................................ 29 信用擔(dān)保融資 ................................................ 29 票據(jù)貼現(xiàn)融資 ................................................ 29 國(guó)內(nèi)上市 .................................................... 29 民間借貸 .................................................... 30 第 5 章 小微型企業(yè)融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析 ........................................... 31 自身制度不規(guī)范 .................................................... 31 產(chǎn)權(quán)不明確，缺乏相應(yīng)約束機(jī)制 ...................................... 31 金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款制度不利于小微企業(yè)融資 ................................ 31 我國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)發(fā)展難以滿足小微企業(yè)融資需求 .......................... 32 缺乏必要的融資工具 ................................................ 32 缺乏必要的擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu) ................................................ 32 第 6 章 研究結(jié)論及對(duì)策建議 ................................................ 33 研究結(jié)論 .......................................................... 33 對(duì)策建議 .......................................................... 35 第 7 章 展望 .............................................................. 37 參考文獻(xiàn) .........