【正文】 hth month of the year, named in honor of the Roman emperor Augustus. September, ninth month of the Gregorian calendar. It was the seventh month of the Roman calendar and takes its name from the Latin word septem meaning seven. September has 30 days. Septangle Septenary Septette Septilateral October, tenth month of the Gregorian calendar. It has 31 days. October was the eighth month of the ancient Roman calendar as evidenced by the name October (Latin octo,” eight” ). Octagon Octave Octogenarian Octoroon November, 11th month of the Gregorian calendar. It has 30 days. November consisted of 29 days until Roman statesman Julius Caesar gave it 31 days in his calendar. December, last month in the Gregorian calendar. December has 31 days and was the tenth month in the Roman calendar. The Christmas season, culminating on December 25, resembles some of the festivities of the Saturnalia(縱情狂歡 ), a Roman holiday honoring the god Saturn. ? Saturn in Roman mythology, ancient god of agriculture. lexicography ? The process or work of writing or piling a dictionary. Morphology [m?:39。named area of meaning in which lexemes interrelate and define each other in specific ways. I sit on a chair/settee/stool/bench. Move that table/bed/chair to the other side. Some other examples in GRE: PIG: STY: (A) teenager: rubble (B) roommate: bathroom (C) bird: nest (D) swine: house (E) barnacle: barn DASHIKI : TAILOR (A) shovel : professor (B) table : singer (C) garment : jock (D) cake : baker (E) book : poseur PEANUT : SHELL (A) atom : proton (B) clock : dial (C) corn : husk (D) emollient : solid (E) enamel : tooth CHUCKLE : MERRIMENT (A) goosebumps : denial (B) blush : glee (C) scowl : perfidy (D) wince : disfort (E) shout : fury COW : TERRIFY (A) praise : denounce (B) interest : fascinate (C) invigorate : exhaust (D) soothe : agitate (E) diminish : lessen Etymology 1. The origin and historical development of a linguistic form as shown by determining its basic elements, earliest known use, and changes in form and meaning, tracing its transmission from one language to another, identifying its cognates in other languages, and reconstructing its ancestral form where possible. 2. The branch of linguistics that deals with etymologies. Aims and Significance of the Course of English Lexicology The aim of the course is to give a systematic description of the English vocabulary. The significance of the course is to help to enlarge our vocabulary and improve our ability to analyze and use English words. Approaches to the Study of English Lexicology 1. Synchronically (共時(shí) ) Relating to or being the study of events of a particular time or era without reference to historical context. 2. Diachronically (歷時(shí) ) Of or concerned with phenomena, especially of language, as they change through time. Names of the week Sunday first day of the week. Its English name is derived from the Latin dies solis,” sun39。 2. With grammar。 sworn intention: She has kept her word. 6. a. A mand or direction。 car, bus, motor, moped, sedan, saloon, limousine, shuttle airplane, airbus, jet plane, spaceship 2. Psychological function Language is used to express man’ s thought. The process of thinking is closely connected with language. No thinking, no language. Definition of Linguistics The analytic study of human language. OR The study of the nature and structure of human speech. OR Linguistics is concerned with the lexical and grammatical categories of individual languages, with differences between one type of language and another, and with historical relations within families of languages. Words in Linguistic Analysis 1. Phonology (音韻學(xué)；音位學(xué) ) 2. Lexicology (詞匯學(xué) ) 3. Morphology (形態(tài)學(xué) ) 4. Syntax (句法學(xué) ) 5. Semantics (語(yǔ)義學(xué) ) 6. Functional linguistics (功能語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 7. Sociolinguistics (社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 8. pragmatics (語(yǔ)用學(xué) ) 9. Psycholinguistics (心理語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 10. Corpus linguistics (語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 11. Discourse analysis (語(yǔ)篇分析 ) 12. Phoics (語(yǔ)音學(xué) ) 13. Stylistics (語(yǔ)體學(xué) ) 14. Descriptive linguistics (描寫(xiě)語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 15. Contrastive linguistics (對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 16. Comparative linguistics (比較語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 17. Applied linguistics (應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 18. Computational linguistics (計(jì)算語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) 2. What Is lexicology Word is a plex phenomenon in our daily life. As the name suggests, lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with plex and pound words. If we want to study words, we shall have to look at words and their relations to other fields from different perspectives. Lexicology is closely related to morphology, semantics, etymology, and lexicography, because these fields also deal with words. Definition of Lexicology The term lexicology contains two Greek morphemes: lexikon and logie. The former means ‘ word’ , the latter ‘ learning’ or ‘ the study of’ . So the literal meaning of the term is ‘ the science of words’ . Lexicology is the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words. Morphology and Semantics 1. Morphology is the study of the forms of words and their ponent