【正文】 h of the Roman calendar and takes its name from the Latin word septem meaning seven. September has 30 days. Septangle Septenary Septette Septilateral October, tenth month of the Gregorian calendar. It has 31 days. October was the eighth month of the ancient Roman calendar as evidenced by the name October (Latin octo,” eight” ). Octagon Octave Octogenarian Octoroon November, 11th month of the Gregorian calendar. It has 30 days. November consisted of 29 days until Roman statesman Julius Caesar gave it 31 days in his calendar. December, last month in the Gregorian calendar. December has 31 days and was the tenth month in the Roman calendar. The Christmas season, culminating on December 25, resembles some of the festivities of the Saturnalia(縱情狂歡 ), a Roman holiday honoring the god Saturn. ? Saturn in Roman mythology, ancient god of agriculture. lexicography ? The process or work of writing or piling a dictionary. Morphology [m?:39。 thus, a program statement can be syntactically correct but semantically incorrect—that is, a statement can be written in an acceptable form and still convey the wrong meaning. 語(yǔ)義學(xué) semantics，研究自然語(yǔ)言中詞語(yǔ)意義的學(xué)科。 Corpus linguistics (語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) Aims to base accounts of languages on corpora derived from systematic recordings of real conversations and real discourse of other kinds, as opposed to examples obtained by introspection, by the judgment of grammarians, or by haphazard observation. 語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)是一門(mén)與語(yǔ)料庫(kù)直接有關(guān)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)科。 ③在結(jié)構(gòu)分析中，主要是研究分布情況和運(yùn)用替代的方法。 EXERCISES 1. Examine the following three definitions of lexicology. What are the differences and similarities among them. (1) the study of the meaning and uses of words. (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. 2023) (2) the study of the overall structure and history of the vocabulary of a language. (Collins English Dictionary. 1998) (3) branch of linguistics concerned with the semantic structure of the lexicon. (Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. 1997) 2. Study the following sentences. In which of them would an alternative selection of words make an improvement, and in which does the arrangement of the words need to be adjusted. (1) They go can the room into and as like shut they the door. (2) You boys are require to give in your homework before 10 clock please. (3) I saw the football match happy and find it very interesting. 3. How is the past tense ending ed pronounced for each group of the following words. Try to find out that determines the pronunciation used in each case. (1) hated, heated, suited, beaded, nodded (2) missed, worked, flashed, walked, loafed (3) paved, planned, freed, played, breathed 39。 :29:0103:29:01February 13, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國(guó)見(jiàn)青山。 :29:0103:29Feb2313Feb23 ? 1世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿，留一份不足，可得無(wú)限完美。 , February 13, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書(shū)如同和過(guò)去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 2月 13日星期一 3時(shí) 29分 1秒 03:29:0113 February 2023 ? 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。勝人者有力，自勝者強(qiáng)。 。 2023年 2月 13日星期一 3時(shí) 29分 1秒 03:29:0113 February 2023 ? 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。 , February 13, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹(shù)，燈下白頭人。 Comparative linguistics (比較語(yǔ)言學(xué) ) ? Comparative linguistics (originally parative philology) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with paring languages in order to establish their historical relatedness. Languages may be related by convergence through borrowing or by geic descent. ? 比較語(yǔ)言學(xué)，又稱歷史比較語(yǔ)言學(xué)，把有關(guān)各種語(yǔ)言放在一起加以共時(shí)比較或把同一種語(yǔ)言的歷史發(fā)展的各個(gè)不同階段進(jìn)行歷時(shí)比較，以找出它們之間在語(yǔ)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法上的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系和異同的一門(mén)學(xué)科。 Stylistics (語(yǔ)體學(xué) ) The study of the use of elements of language style, such as metaphor, in particular contexts. 語(yǔ)體學(xué)是語(yǔ)言學(xué)的一個(gè)學(xué)科，其任務(wù)是分析研究語(yǔ)體的特征。此研究是語(yǔ)言的社會(huì)學(xué)，研究語(yǔ)言和社會(huì)的各種關(guān)系，使用語(yǔ)言學(xué)的材料來(lái)描寫(xiě)和解釋社會(huì)行為。該語(yǔ)言學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)，字意是排列。named area of meaning in which lexemes interrelate and define each other in specific ways. I sit on a chair/settee/stool/bench. Move that table/bed/chair to the other side. Some other examples in GRE: PIG: STY: (A) teenager: rubble (B) roommate: bathroom (C) bird: nest (D) swine: house (E) barnacle: barn DASHIKI : TAILOR (A) shovel : professor (B) table : singer (C) garment : jock (D) cake : baker (E) book : poseur PEANUT : SHELL (A) atom : proton (B) clock : dial (C) corn : husk (D) emollient : solid (E) enamel : tooth CHUCKLE : MERRIMENT (A) goosebumps : denial (B) blush : glee (C) scowl : perfidy (D) wince : disfort (E) shout : fury COW : TERRIFY (A) praise : denounce (B) interest : fascinate (C) invigorate : exhaust (D) soothe : agitate (E) diminish : lessen Etymology 1. The origin and historical development of a linguistic form as shown by determining its basic elements, earliest known use, and changes in form and meaning, tracing its transmission from one language to another, identifying its cognates in other languages, and reconstructing its ancestral form where possible. 2. The branch of linguistics that deals with etymologies. Aims and Significance of the Course of English Lexicology The aim of the course is to give a systematic description of the English vocabulary. The significance of the course is to help to enlarge our vocabulary and improve our ability to analyze and use English words. Approaches to the Study of English Lexicology 1. Synchronically (共時(shí) ) Relating to or being the study of events of a particular time or era without reference to historical context. 2. Diachronically (歷時(shí) ) Of or concerned with phenomena, es