【正文】 pecially of language, as they change through time. Names of the week Sunday first day of the week. Its English name is derived from the Latin dies solis,” sun39。 sworn intention: She has kept her word. 6. a. A mand or direction。 kinesics. 4. The special vocabulary and usages of a scientific, professional, or other group: “ his total mastery of screen language— camera placement, editing— and his handling of actors” (Jack Kroll). 5. A characteristic style of speech or writing: Shakespearean language. 6. a. Abusive, violent, or profane utterance: “ language that would make your hair curl” (. Gilbert). b. A particular manner of utterance: gentle language. 7. The manner or means of munication between living creatures other than human beings: the language of dolphins. 8. Verbal munication as a subject of study. 9. The wording of a legal document or statute as distinct from the spirit. ? Language is a system underlying the speech of a munity. Saussure ? Language is a system in the mind of an individual. ? It is the set of sentences characterized or to be characterized by a generative grammar. Chomsky ? Language is a set of sentences potentially observable in a speech munity. Bloomfield Language is a system of symbols based on physiology, psychology and physics. It is a special social action and a carrier of information used for human munication in a society. [趙世開：《論語言和語言學(xué)習(xí)》 1980] Functions of Language 1. Social function 2. Psychological function 1. Social function Language is used as a means of munication in a society. It grows and develops with the growth and development of a society. No society, no language. Take the means of transportation for example: buggy – 1. A small, light, onehorse carriage usually having four wheels in the United States and two wheels in Great Britain. 2. A baby carriage. gig – A light, twowheeled carriage drawn by one horse. troika – A Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast. coach – . A motorbus. b. A railroad passenger car. c. A closed automobile, usually with two doors. d. A large, closed, fourwheeled carriage with an elevated exterior seat for the driver。 an utterance, a remark, or a ment: May I say a word about that? 3. words Discourse or talk。 3. With stylistics。f?l?d?i] n. 形態(tài)學(xué) Linguistics. The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of pounds. dog dogs。也可以指對邏輯形式系統(tǒng)中符號解釋的研究。語料庫是載有語言信息的大量語言資料的集合。 ④采用直接成分分析法。 4. For each .of the following sets of words, indicate what the principle is that groups them into a set. Is the principle one of a mon meaning, related forms of a word or something else. (1) oak, willow, pine, polar, gingko, mahogany (2) (2) fly, flying, flew, flies, flown (3) mobile phone, dial, busy, answer, ring, answer (4) gaze, peer, look, see, watch, squint 5. Find out the meanings of the following pound nouns in (a) and the corresponding adjective plus noun constructions in (b). Then mark the primary stress in each noun and phrase. (a) Compound: blackboard, blackbird, greyhound, White House (b) (b) Noun Phrases: black board, black bird, grey hound, white house 6. Count the number of words in the following sentences. Then, make a separate count of (a) open class words and (b) closed class words. Girard emphasized that it is an important part of the teacher39。 2023年 2月 13日星期一 上午 3時 29分 1秒 03:29: ? 1比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。 03:29:0103:29:0103:29Monday, February 13, 2023 ? 1不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。 03:29:0103:29:0103:292/13/2023 3:29:01 AM ? 1越是沒有本領(lǐng)的就越加自命不凡。 上午 3時 29分 1秒 上午 3時 29分 03:29: MOMODA POWERPOINT Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blandit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus. 感謝您的下載觀看 專家告訴 。 03:29:0103:29:0103:29Monday, February 13, 2023 ? 1知人者智，自知者明。 2023年 2月 13日星期一 上午 3時 29分 1秒 03:29: ? 1楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。 2023年 2月 上午 3時 29分 :29February 13, 2023 ? 1行動出成果，工作出財富。s function is seen mainly as a provider of materials and conditions for learning, while the learner takes responsibility for his or her own motivation and performance. (Adapted from Dr, 1996:276) 7. What does the word bull mean in each of the following sentences? (a) Beware of the bull! (b) I decided to take the bull by the horn and ask him to leave. (c) Stop acting like a bull in a china shop! (d) There was a bull market on the stock exchange today. ? 靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。 Contrastive linguistics (對比語言學(xué) ) Any investigation in which the structures of two languages are pared. 對比語言學(xué)（ Contrastive Studies）又稱對比分析（ Contrastive Analysis）是語言學(xué)中的一個分支，其任務(wù)是對兩種或兩種以上的語言進(jìn)行共時的對比研究，描述它們之間的異同，特別是其中的不同之處，并將這類研究應(yīng)用于其他有關(guān)領(lǐng)域。 Discourse analysis (語篇分析 ) The attempt by various linguists to extend the methods of analysis developed for the description of words and sentences to the study of large structures in, or involved in the production of, discourse. Phoics (語音學(xué) ) Of, relating to, or being features of pronunciation that are not phonemically distinctive in a language, as aspiration of consonants or vowel length in English. 語音學(xué) (Phoics)是對人類語言發(fā)音進(jìn)行的研究，它包括建立一套描述語音的方法和體系，也包括與之相關(guān)的理論建構(gòu)，還可以包括由此帶來的應(yīng)用前景。它主要是指運(yùn)用語言學(xué)和社會學(xué)等學(xué)科的理論和方法，從不同的社會科學(xué)的角度去研究語言的社會本質(zhì)和差異的一門