市場結(jié)構(gòu)與管理決策-wenkub
2023-02-10 07:14:14 本頁面
【正文】 utput AVC ATC 競爭性廠商的短期供給曲線 Price ($ per unit) MC Output AVC ATC P = AVC P1 P2 q1 q2 The firm chooses the output level where MR =MC, as long as the firm is able to cover its variable cost of production. What happens if P AVC? 競爭性廠商的短期供給曲線 ? 觀察 : ? P = MR ? MR = MC ? P = MC ? 供給是每一個(gè)可能價(jià)格的產(chǎn)出量，因而： ? If P = P1, then q = q1 ? If P = P2, then q = q2 競爭性廠商的短期供給曲線 Price ($ per unit) MC Output AVC ATC P = AVC P1 P2 q1 q2 競爭性廠商的短期供給曲線 Price ($ per unit) MC Output AVC ATC P = AVC P1 P2 q1 q2 S = MC above AVC 競爭性廠商的短期供給曲線 ? 觀察 : ? 供給向上由于遞減報(bào)酬 . ? 更高價(jià)格補(bǔ)償廠商額外產(chǎn)出的更高成本和增加總利潤 短期市場供給曲線 ? 表示每一可能的價(jià)格下行業(yè)在短期中生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)量 ? 以三個(gè)競爭性廠商為例 : 短期行業(yè)供給曲線 $ per unit 0 2 4 8 5 7 15 21 P1 P3 Quantity P2 10 短期行業(yè)供給曲線 $ per unit 0 2 4 8 5 7 15 21 P1 P3 MC1 Firm 1 has an MC1 and produces 2 units at P2 and 4 at P3. Quantity P2 10 短期行業(yè)供給曲線 $ per unit 0 2 4 8 5 7 15 21 P1 P3 MC1 Firm 2 has an MC2 and produces 4 units at P2 and 7 at P3. Quantity P2 MC2 10 短期行業(yè)供給曲線 $ per unit 0 2 4 8 10 5 7 15 21 P1 P3 MC1 Firm 3 has an MC3 and produces units at P1 , 8 units at P2, and 10 units at P3. Quantity P2 MC2 MC3 短期行業(yè)供給曲線 $ per unit 0 2 4 8 10 5 7 15 21 P1 P3 MC1 The shortrun industry supply curve is the horizontal summation of the supply curves of the firms. Quantity P2 MC2 MC3 S 短期行業(yè)供給曲線 $ per unit 0 2 4 8 10 5 7 15 21 P1 P3 MC1 Question: If increasing output increases input costs, what impact would it have on market supply? Quantity P2 MC2 MC3 S 長期產(chǎn)出的選擇 ? 在長期 , 廠商可改變其投入，包括廠商規(guī)模 . ? 假定可自由進(jìn)入與退出 長期產(chǎn)出的選擇 Price ($ per unit of output) Output 長期產(chǎn)出的選擇 Price ($ per unit of output) Output P = MR $40 長期產(chǎn)出的選擇 Price ($ per unit of output) Output P = MR SAC SMC $40 長期產(chǎn)出的選擇 Price ($ per unit of output) Output P = MR SAC SMC q1 $40 A B D In the short run, the firm is faced with fixed inputs. P = $40 ATC. Profit is equal to ABCD. 長期產(chǎn)出的選擇 Price ($ per unit of output) Output P
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