【正文】 e of technologies 3) the trend in the industry Dear Mr. Wang:As a student at Beijing College of printing, I am currently doing a research project on the future of the printing industry. I feel that an inside view of the market situation at this time is necessary for me to have a convincing conclusion so I am eager for your suggestions. Would you please spare a few minutes answering a few questions about the market for printing industry?1．In general，what challenges is the printing industry facing at this time, and what types of strategies are being used to meet them?2．What types of technologies are important to this industry at present and what technologies do you feel will play an important role in the near future?3．Do you think that this industry will experience growth in the future, and, if so, what trends do you expect to see occurring?If you would kindly take the time to answer these questions, I’d venture to hope you can reply it before the end of Aprilthe deadline of my report. Thank you in advance for your attention to my request.Sincerely, Li Ming（5）投訴信投投訴信是因?yàn)閷?duì)服務(wù)、商品等不滿而向諸如商店、廠家、消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)等相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)構(gòu)寫的信件?？煞秩蟛糠郑阂圆糠肿晕医榻B并講明詢問(wèn)目的。如果對(duì)方學(xué)校有要求，還應(yīng)附上“個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷”、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)、研究成果的摘要等。 b) 使你對(duì)某個(gè)專業(yè)產(chǎn)生興趣的學(xué)術(shù)背景和訓(xùn)練。不論什么原因，不要對(duì)你的公司政策、老板、管理人員、同事做任何負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。如請(qǐng)求及時(shí)回信、希望當(dāng)面洽談、提供進(jìn)一步接觸的聯(lián)系方式或指出附件中有相關(guān)的證明文件等。（1）求職信（Letters of Applying for a Job）通常包含三個(gè)部分：a)引言部分寫明寫信原因、具體謀求的職位、獲得申請(qǐng)信息的來(lái)源（如：報(bào)紙廣告、熟人介紹）等。從形式上看應(yīng)該側(cè)重考查公務(wù)信函，因?yàn)橹挥写祟愋藕判栌玫綍嬲Z(yǔ)的正式語(yǔ)體。二、常見(jiàn)信函的基本類型及內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)英文書信主要分為兩大類：私人信函和公務(wù)信函?？佳袘?yīng)用文在話題選擇方面有其自身的特點(diǎn)。在書信中經(jīng)常體現(xiàn)的情感有：感激、憤怒、高興、哀傷等。1）根據(jù)寫作對(duì)象確定文章用正式還是非正式的文體；2）根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，確定主體內(nèi)容的邏輯順序；3）根據(jù)話題明確需要表達(dá)的感情類型，結(jié)合交際目的，確定表達(dá)方式，可以選用合適的套語(yǔ)。有時(shí)，同一類型的書信也可以采用正式與非正式兩種語(yǔ)體表達(dá)，如：邀請(qǐng)客人參加晚會(huì)的書信比較隨便、簡(jiǎn)短；而邀請(qǐng)參加學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的書信則很正規(guī)。2．語(yǔ)體書信類應(yīng)用文的寫作中主要有正式與非正式的兩種語(yǔ)體或者說(shuō)是書面語(yǔ)體與口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)體。第一個(gè)詞的首字母要大寫，末尾用逗號(hào)。結(jié)束語(yǔ)是寫信人對(duì)收信人的一種客套稱呼，它需要根據(jù)寫信人與收信人之間的關(guān)系而定，最常見(jiàn)的有：Yours sincerely或Sincerely yours（適用于各種關(guān)系）。采用縮進(jìn)式的正文每段第一行應(yīng)往右縮進(jìn)約四五個(gè)字母，第二行起從左面頂格寫起。引言部分講明寫信目的（如：求職、申請(qǐng)學(xué)校和專業(yè)等）和寫信背景（如：促使你寫信的某件事或某個(gè)廣告）、發(fā)展部分陳述相關(guān)要點(diǎn)，這部分相當(dāng)于一篇文章的主體段落，內(nèi)容應(yīng)詳實(shí)、具體。②正文。院長(zhǎng)Director, Dean。市長(zhǎng)Mayor。副主席或副董事長(zhǎng)Vice Chairman。博士Doctor(Dr.,.)。例如：My dear mother，Dear Mary等。稱呼即寫信人對(duì)收信人的稱謂，它取決于寫信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系。一、信函型寫作總述書信是研究生應(yīng)用文寫作考查的重點(diǎn)。（2）內(nèi)容上在覆蓋要求中的所有信息點(diǎn)的同時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)煉，寫作時(shí)可以利用提示語(yǔ)中的關(guān)鍵詞，但不能完全照抄照搬原題提示。英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文指在日常工作和生活中應(yīng)用的文體，其類型多樣，包括信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告、通知等。寫好應(yīng)用文，考生關(guān)鍵要掌握其宏觀語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)與具體語(yǔ)言形式，即既要懂得每一類型應(yīng)用文的格式與基本框架（先寫什么，后寫什么），又要得體地運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言形式(包括具體的詞匯和句型)。（3）書寫格式要規(guī)范，根據(jù)不同內(nèi)容，選擇相應(yīng)的寫作格式。1. 正文的必備結(jié)構(gòu)考研應(yīng)用文不需要對(duì)書信格式進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，但需要注意信件正文的結(jié)構(gòu)。公務(wù)信函中稱呼的一般形式是Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss +收信人的姓氏。也可以根據(jù)題目信息，用頭銜、職位、職稱、學(xué)位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。 醫(yī)學(xué)博士Medical Doctor(.)。副總統(tǒng)或副校長(zhǎng)Vice President。參議員Senator。 副院長(zhǎng)Vice Director。正文是一封書信中最重要的部分，也是書信寫作考查的重點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾部分可簡(jiǎn)要重申中間部分的要點(diǎn)或致謝、敦促收信人早日回信等。采用齊頭式，則每一行都從左面頂格寫起。比較正式的結(jié)束語(yǔ)有：(Very )Respectfully yours, Yours (very) respectfully,用于地位高的人或長(zhǎng)輩；(Very)Truly yours, Yours (very )truly,用于不大熟悉而彼此間又需要客氣的人；(Very )Faithfully yours, Yours (very) faithfully,用于對(duì)機(jī)關(guān)的正式函件。④簽名。考生可根據(jù)書信類型、收信人身份選擇合適的語(yǔ)體。請(qǐng)看下列兩封書信：Dear Zhao Xiang,My brother and I are going to have a small dancing party to celebrate the New Year at home. We are going to invite some old friends and hope you can e. The time is next Saturday, February 7, at seven o’clock in the evening.I know you have been very busy recently, but I do hope you can manage it. We are looking forward to your ing with great pleasure.Yours affectionately, Li MingDear Professor Zhang: I am pleased to inform you that Beijing Technology Company is organizing a three day seminar entitled “Cruising the Internet Securely” in September 2005 in Beijing, as part of its continuous efforts to provide a platform for experts to meet and exchange expertise. You are cordially invited to participate in this important academic event of the city as our guest. Your round trip air ticket, acmodation and meal expenses will be subsidized. Should you be interested, please let us know at your earliest convenience. Look forward to seeing you in this conference, and to having you as an important part of this event. Sincerely,Li MingManager Technology Co. LtdEncl. Seminar Announcement, Timetable, Member List從以上示例可以看出，正式體和非正式體書信雖然在本質(zhì)上并沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別，但在形式上是有差異的。注意：要重點(diǎn)選用自己熟悉的表述方式。平時(shí)要留意和積累情感的表達(dá)方式（比如：it’s my pleasure to…）。從05年增加應(yīng)用文考查以來(lái)，考查內(nèi)容都和考生熟悉的生活有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系，或以考生日常生活場(chǎng)景為背景（如05年的辭職信、07年針對(duì)圖書館的建議信、08年對(duì)誤拿房東CD的道歉信），或以社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題為切入點(diǎn)（06年捐助貧困兒童的申請(qǐng)信、09年針對(duì)限塑令沒(méi)有達(dá)到理想效果的建議信）。私人信函是指與朋友、家人之間的往來(lái)書信，