【正文】 imilar c. alike d. the same 9. Thrust is the pressure exerted by each part of a structure on ___a__. a. its other part b. itself c. the wall d. the ground weight of all the people, cars, furniture, and machines and so on that the structure will support when it is in use is ___b__. a. dead load b. live load c. impact d. safety factor tension, the material is ___b__. a. pressed b. pulled apart c. pushed d. pressed force acts up and down. a. vertical b. horizontal c. rotating motion d. turning motion ___a__, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nieenth century. a. steel and cement b. wood and brick c. stone and tile d. ash and plastic transit is used to measure angles in both vertical and horizontal planes, and the level to measure ___c__. a. distances b. central angles c. elevation difference d. length distance measuring(EDM) not only can measure the distance between objects but also determine ___a___. a. the direction b. the size c. the frequency d. the width concrete is an ___b___ form of reinforcement. a. original b. improved c. same d. low simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by ___d____. a. engineers b. one party c. pany d. two or more parties change would result in differential settlement or swell between adjacent areas. a. weight b. volume c. area d. no are two basic procedures for controlling the embankment density: ?manner and method? and ?____a__?. a. result b. bination c. layer thickness d. moisture control main source of accidents, the problem of ___b___ driving is the most serious of all. a. drink b. drinking c. drunken d. drank Part II Filling Blanks (10’) 21. Engineers often work as _____consultants___________ to architectural or construction firms. 22. Young engineers may choose to go into __environmental_____________ or sanitary engineering. 23. When planning a structure, an engineer must take into account four factors: dead load, ______live load_______, impact and safety factor. 24. One party to the contract is _____liable_____ for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of the agreement. 25. _______clearing____ the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. 26. Loose rock includes materials such as ________weathered or totten_______________ rock, or earth mixed with boulders. 27. No attempt was made to control _____moisture______ content or to secure paction. 28. The _____rearview_______ of windshield wipers, fresh air ventilating systems, had result in greater vehicle safety. 29. The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of _____heavy duty________ brake fluid. 30. Relocation and reduction in height of the brake ____pedal_______ has meant that the driver?s total reaction time has been reduced. Part III Reading Comprehension (40’) Passage One Research is one of the most important aspects of scientific and engineering practice. A researcher usually works as a member of a team with other scientists and engineers. He or she is often employed in a laboratory that is financed by government or industry. Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and soil stabilization techniques, and also the development and the testing of new structural materials. 31. Research is one of ___b___ aspects of scientific and engineering practice. a. the most useless b. the most important c. the most unnecessary 32. A researcher is often employed __c____. a. on a farm b. in a library c. in a laboratory 33. A researcher usually works as a member of a team with __c____. a. farmers and scientists b. engineers and farmers c. scientists and engineers 34. Which of the following is true? a. Civil engineering research doesn?t include only soil mechanics and soil stabilization, but also the development of new structural materials b. Civil engineering research doesn?t include soil mechanics and soil stabilization c. Civil engineering research doesn?t include the development of new structural materials Passage Two The current tendency is to develop lighter materials. Aluminum, for example, weighs much less than steel but has many of the same properties. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings. Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability, and with a lighter weight. One system that helps cut concrete weight to some extent uses polymers, which are long chainlike pounds used in plastics, as part of the mixture. 35. The current trend of structural materials is ___b____. a. to develop heavier materials b. to develop lighter materials c. to develop less materials 36. Aluminum weighs ___a____. a. much less than steel b. the same as steel c. much heavier than steel 37. Aluminum has ____c___. a. no properties of steel b. few properties of steel c. many of the