【正文】 framework of a few buildings. Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability, and with a lighter weight. One system that helps cut concrete weight to some extent uses polymers, which are long chainlike pounds used in plastics, as part of the mixture. 35. The current trend of structural materials is ___b____. a. to develop heavier materials b. to develop lighter materials c. to develop less materials 36. Aluminum weighs ___a____. a. much less than steel b. the same as steel c. much heavier than steel 37. Aluminum has ____c___. a. no properties of steel b. few properties of steel c. many of the same properties of steel 38. Which of the following is true? a. Aluminum beams can?t be used for bridge construction b. Aluminum beams can be used for not only bridge construction but also the framework of a few buildings c. Aluminum beams can?t be used for the framework of a few buildings Passage Three Steel and concrete also plement each other in another way: they have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both pression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tension will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a strong bonds—the force that unites them—that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still another advantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid. 39. Steel and concrete have ____c__. a. different rate of contraction b. different rate of expansion c. almost the same rate of contraction and expansion 40. Reinforced concrete is ___a___. a. steel rods which are embedded in concrete beams b. concrete which is embedded in steel rods c. steel rods which react with concrete 41. Which of the following is true? C a. steel can rust in concrete b. concrete can corrode steel c. steel does not rust in concrete 42. Concrete has ___b__. a. some kind of chemical that corrodes steel b. an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid c. some kind of acid Passage Four The employer or promoter of civil engineering works normally determines the conditions of contract, which define the obligations and performances by some form of petitive tendering and any contractor who submits a successful tender and subsequently enters into a contract is deemed in law to have voluntarily accepted the conditions of contract adopted by the promoter. The obligations that a contractor accepts when he submits a tender are determined by the form of the invitation to tender. In most cases the tender may be withdrawn at any time until it has been accepted and may, even then, be withdrawn if the acceptance is stated by the promoter to be ?subject to formal contract? as is often the case. 43. The conditions of contract are normally determined by ___c___. a. the government official b. the contractor c. the promoter 44. This conditions define the obligations and performances to which __c____ will be subject. a. the employer b. the official c. the contractor 45. The obligations that ___c___ accepts when he submits a tender are determined by the form of the invitation to the tender. a. the employer b. the auditor c. the contractor 46. in most cases the tender may be withdrawn at any time until ___b___. a. the promoter has enough money b. it has been accepted c. the tender approved by the government Passage Five Materials are usually described as ?rock?, ?loose rock?, or ?mon?, with ?mon? signifying all material not otherwise classified. Rock, sometimes called ?solid rock?, nearly always must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with a frontend loader or power shovel into trucks or other hauling units. Blasted rock may be moved or drifted for short distances by means of a bulldozer, which is, in effect, a huge tractormounted blade. Loose rock often is dug with loaders or shovels without any previous blasting. 47. According to the passage, which material signifying all material not otherwise classified. a. loose rock b. mon c. rock 48. Which of the following is NOT true? a. rock, is sometimes called ?solid rock? b. rock, is sometimes called ?loose rock? c. rock, is usually called ?hard rock 49. According to the passage, which of the following is true? a. loose rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted b. loose rock is often dug without any previous blasting c. blasted rock may be moved for long distances by bikes 50. Loose rock often is dug with ______ without any previous blasting. a. track or ripper b. loaders or shovels c. roller or bulldozer Part IV Translate the sentences into Chinese (15’) 51. Engineering graduates have to pass an examination, similar to the bar examinations for a ，就類似于律師要通過(guò)職業(yè)考試一樣 52. Conventional ground surveys were the original location techniques available to highway engineers until developments in electronics. The most important equipments used were the transit, the level, and the tape. 最初的公路定位技術(shù)一直 使用傳統(tǒng)地面測(cè)量技術(shù)直到電子技術(shù)的發(fā)明為止。這些重要的設(shè)備是經(jīng)緯儀、水準(zhǔn)儀、和卷尺。 54. An urban transportation system is a basic ponent of an urban area?s social, economic, and physical structure. 城市的交通系統(tǒng)是城市的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本組成成分。 Safety factors must also be taken into consideration account ,since construction ca